Diet and hormonal manipulation reveal cryptic genetic variation: implications for the evolution of novel feeding strategies

Ledón-Rettig, Cris C.; Pfennig, David W.; Crespi, Erica J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0877

Cited by 93 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Whereas the previous examples demonstrate CGV by the transformation of invariant into variant (and often aberrant) phenotypes, estimating V A allows the possibility of phenotypic variation before perturbation as well. Several recent studies have demonstrated that ecologically relevant changes to environment can increase V A in natural populations, including body size in sticklebacks 28 , spermathecae number in dung flies 29 , plasma antioxidant level in gulls 30 , and traits associated with facultative carnivory in spadefoot toad relatives 31 .…”

Section: What Does Cgv Look Like?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic genetic variation: evolution's hidden substrate

2014

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Cryptic genetic variation is invisible under normal conditions but fuel for evolution when circumstances change. In theory, CGV can represent a massive cache of adaptive potential or a pool of deleterious alleles in need of constant suppression. CGV emerges from both neutral and selective processes and it may inform how human populations respond to change. In experimental settings, CGV facilitates adaptation, but does it play an important role in the real world? We review the empirical support for widespread CGV in natural populations, including its potential role in emerging human diseases and the growing evidence of its contribution to evolution.

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Section: What Does Cgv Look Like?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic genetic variation: evolution's hidden substrate

2014

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“…Partially beneficial plastic responses may permit some genotypes faced with a change in environment to persist, and so provide opportunities for subsequent evolution [5,10,29,30]. Plasticity may also reveal genetic variation under extraordinary or novel conditions that can be acted on by selection [22,29,31,32]; variation that is otherwise hidden in the population under its standard conditions [33][34][35]. When heritable variation in environmentally induced responses influences fitness, then any genetic variation in the form of the plastic response may provide an axis of variation on which selection can act.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of growth by genetic accommodation in Icelandic freshwater stickleback

Robinson

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Classical Darwinian adaptation to a change in environment can ensue when selection favours beneficial genetic variation. How plastic trait responses to new conditions affect this process depends on how plasticity reveals to selection the influence of genotype on phenotype. Genetic accommodation theory predicts that evolutionary rate may sharply increase when a new environment induces plastic responses and selects on sufficient genetic variation in those responses to produce an immediate evolutionary response, but natural examples are rare. In Iceland, marine threespine stickleback that have colonized freshwater habitats have evolved more rapid individual growth. Heritable variation in growth is greater for marine full-siblings reared at low versus high salinity, and genetic variation exists in plastic growth responses to low salinity. In fish from recently founded freshwater populations reared at low salinity, the plastic response was strongly correlated with growth. Plasticity and growth were not correlated in full-siblings reared at high salinity nor in marine fish at either salinity. In well-adapted lake populations, rapid growth evolved jointly with stronger plastic responses to low salinity and the persistence of strong plastic responses indicates that growth is not genetically assimilated. Thus, beneficial plastic growth responses to low salinity have both guided and evolved along with rapid growth as stickleback adapted to freshwater.

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“…When confronted with a novel, stressful environment, epigenetic mechanisms enable organisms to generate new phenotypic variants rapidly through phenotypic plasticity [63]; this process increases the likelihood that at least some individuals will survive the stressful situation [64][65][66] (Figure 1b).…”

Section: How Epigenetic Inheritance May Facilitate Diversification Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in diversification and speciation

Pfennig¹,

Servedio²

2013

Non-Genetic Inheritance

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Epigenetic effects -Broadly defined, any phenotypic variations that arise through processes other than those involving alterations in the base-pair nucleotide sequence of DNA.Inheritance -The process by which phenotypic characters (including behaviors) are transmitted from parent to offspring.Isolating mechanism -Any behavioral, morphological, physiological, genetic, or biochemical features of organisms that prevent gene exchange between populations (sensu Dobzhansky [1]). Phenotypic diversification -As used here, the evolution of different traits in different populations. Phenotypic plasticity -The capacity of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in direct response to varying environmental conditions.Speciation -The process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations within an ancestral species, resulting in two or more descendent species. Species -Groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups (sensu Mayr [2,3]). Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance -The inheritance of phenotypic characters through processes other than those involving changes in DNA sequence, such as chromatin marking, maternal effects, parasite transmission, and learning (sensu Jablonka and Lamb [4]). Section 1Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: a challenge for evolutionary biology The importance of inheritance for evolutionA central goal of biology is to explain the diversity of life. Namely, why are there so many different kinds of living things, and why do they tend to differ from each other phenotypically? One hundred and fifty years ago, Darwin provided an answer, which he summarized in the last paragraph of On the Origin of Species [5]:"It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us. These laws, taken in the largest sense, AbstractInheritance is crucial to the evolutionary process. Although most evolutionary biologists assume that inheritance occurs exclusively through changes in DNA base sequence, it has long been known that inheritance can also occur through epigenetic mechanisms, such as chromatin marking, maternal effects, parasite transmission, or learning. In recent years, the possibility that such transgenerational epigenetic inheritance mechanisms can mediate long-term evolutionary change has received increased attention. Here, we consider the potential contribution of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in driving diversification and speciation. As we describe, a growing body of theoretical and empirical studies suggests that epigenetic inheritance can accelerate the likelihood that genetic change will occur and thereby facilitate speciation. Additionally, evolution and diversification can p...

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Diet and hormonal manipulation reveal cryptic genetic variation: implications for the evolution of novel feeding strategies

Cited by 93 publications

References 60 publications

Cryptic genetic variation: evolution's hidden substrate

Cryptic genetic variation: evolution's hidden substrate

Evolution of growth by genetic accommodation in Icelandic freshwater stickleback

The role of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in diversification and speciation

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