Diet and nutrient balance of red panda in Nepal

Panthi, Saroj; Coogan, Sean C. P.; Aryal, Achyut; Raubenheimer, David

doi:10.1007/s00114-015-1307-2

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It can also help to adjust the amount of diet provided. Because diet requirements for red pandas vary with seasonal change (Nijboer & Dierenfeld, ; Panthi et al, ), continuous recording of body weight transition can be crucial to determine whether the change in body weight is caused by seasonal change or any health problem. Diet adjustments should be made based on the monitoring of body weight to prevent obesity or body weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have developed plantigrade locomotion and enlarged radial sesamoids on their forelimbs, which are utilizing when climbing and grasping bamboo stems (Fisher, ). Seasonal nutrient preferences, such as increased carbohydrate intake in winter for thermogenesis and increased protein and lipid intake in early summer to support reproduction and lactation, have also been indicated (Panthi, Coogan, Aryal, & Raubenheimer, ; Wei, Wang, Feng, Li, & Zhou, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current husbandry situation of red pandas in Japan

Tanaka

Ogura

2018

Zoo Biology

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The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is an endangered semi-arboreal folivore with a specialized diet of bamboo leaves. Zoos worldwide maintain red pandas under a variety of housing environments and husbandry procedures that may affect the reproductive success and longevity of captive red pandas. The aims of the present study were to investigate how red pandas are kept in Japan and to obtain useful insights to increase their longevity by comparing the results from a questionnaire sent to Japanese zoos and those from a previous survey conducted in other countries. We received responses from 42 out of 52 zoos, holding a total of 219 individual red pandas, in Japan. The age-sex distribution indicated that red panda populations in Japan need close attention to be maintained sustainably. Of the husbandry aspects surveyed, the number of individuals in the same zoo, enclosure size, and the frequency of bamboo feeding factors indicated to affect reproductive success. Frequent monitoring of body weight, implementation of husbandry training, and bamboo feeding were also suggested as the reasons for the longevity of red pandas in Japan. Zoos were provided with sufficient physical features in on-exhibit enclosures, close monitoring for health status, and proper feeding, but other aspects of husbandry such as enclosure size and structures in off-exhibit spaces were insufficient and might compromise animal welfare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current husbandry situation of red pandas in Japan

Tanaka

Ogura

2018

Zoo Biology

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“…Red pandas generally inhabit dense bamboo thicket under-stories [24,30,45,53]. Being bamboo specialists, more than 80% of their diet consists of bamboo grass [29–32,54]. Previous studies in this region also have shown strong associations between red panda presence and habitats with understorey cover dominated by bamboo grass [26,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of red panda ecology in Nepal Himalayas, Northeast India, and Bhutan largely focused on assessing their habitat and diet preferences [29–32]. One study by Kandel et al [21] generated a predictive map of the species’ geographic range limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large anthropogenic impacts on a charismatic small carnivore: Insights from distribution surveys of red panda Ailurus fulgens in Nepal

Panthi¹,

Khanal²,

Acharya³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Protected areas are key to preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. However, their ability to ensure long-term survival of threatened andendangered species varies across countries, regions and landscapes. Distribution surveys can beparticularly important for assessing the value of protected areas, and gauging their efficacy incatering to species-specific requirements. We assessed the conservation value of one such reserve for a charismatic yet globally endangered species, the red panda Ailurus fulgens,in the light of on-going land-use transformation in Nepal. We conducted field surveys forindirect signs of red pandas along forest trails in 25-km2 sampling grid cells (n = 54) of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, and confronted a set of ecological hypotheses to the data using hierarchical occupancy models. We estimated overall occupancy at Ψ(SE) = 0.41 (0.007), with relatively high site-level detectability [p = 0.93 (SE = 0.001)]. Our results show that despitebeing a subsistence form of small-scale resource use, extraction of bamboo and livestock grazing negatively affected panda occurrence, albeit at different intensities. The amount of bamboo cover,rather than the overall proportion of forest cover, had greater influence on the panda occurrence. Despite availability of bamboo cover, areas with bamboo extraction and anthropogenic disturbances were less likely to be occupied by pandas. Together, these results suggest that long-term persistence of red pandas in this reserve and elsewhere across the species’ range will require preventing commercial extractionof bamboo, coupled with case-specific regulation of anthropogenic exploitation of red panda habitats.

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“…We used microhistological fecal analysis (Holechek & Gross, ) to determine the diet composition (% relative frequency [RF%]) of black bear following Panthi et al (), Panthi et al (). Reference samples (plants and insects) were collected from the study areas for microhistology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and macronutrient niche of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in two regions of Nepal during summer and autumn

Panthi

Aryal

Coogan

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Relatively little is known about the nutritional ecology of omnivorous Asiatic black bears ( Ursus thibetanus ) in Nepal. We characterized the diet of black bears in two seasons (June–July, “summer”; and October–November “autumn”) and two study areas (Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve [DHR]; and Kailash Sacred Landscape [KSL]). We then conducted nutritional analysis of species consumed by black bears in each study area, in combination with nutritional estimates from the literature, to estimate the proportions of macronutrients (i.e., protein [P], lipid [L], and carbohydrate [C]) in the seasonal bear foods and diets, as well as their macronutrient niche breadth. We found that bamboo ( Arundinaria spp.) had the highest relative frequency in both study areas and seasons. Ants and termites were found in DHR diets, but not KSL diets. One anthropogenic crop was found in DHR summer diets ( Zea mays ) and two were found in KSL summer diets ( Z. mays ; and Kodo millet [ Paspalum scrobiculatum ]). Other than insects, no animal prey was found in either diet. The proportions of macronutrients in diets (i.e., realized macronutrient niches) were relatively high in carbohydrate for both study areas and seasons: DHR summer 24.1P:8.7L:67.2C; KSL summer 16.7P:8.2L:75.1C; DHR autumn 21.1P:10.5L:68.4C; KSH autumn 19.0P:11.0L:70.0C. Macronutrient niche breadth was 3.1 × greater in the DHR than KSL during summer, and 4.0 × greater in the autumn, primarily due to the higher proportion of lipid in ants and termites relative to plant foods. Within‐study area differences in niche breadth were greater during summer than autumn; in the KSH the macronutrient breadth was 1.4 × greater in summer, while in the DHR it was 1.1 × greater in summer. Similarity in dietary macronutrient proportions despite differences in foods consumed and niche breadth are suggestive of foraging to reach a preferred macronutrient balance.

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Diet and nutrient balance of red panda in Nepal

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Current husbandry situation of red pandas in Japan

Current husbandry situation of red pandas in Japan

Large anthropogenic impacts on a charismatic small carnivore: Insights from distribution surveys of red panda Ailurus fulgens in Nepal

Diet and macronutrient niche of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in two regions of Nepal during summer and autumn

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