Diet and Physical Activity in Adult Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Autosomal polycystic kidney disease is the most common inherited kidney disease determining 5% of all end-stage kidney disease. The only therapy approved for this condition is Tolvaptan, which, with its aquaretic effect, has a strong effect on patients’ daily life. Recently, the literature has been enriched with new works that analyze possible non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies to slow cysts’ enlargement and chronic kidney disease progression. Among them, dietary schemes reducing carbohydrate intake and inducing ketoses have been demonstrated to have efficacy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. A ketogenic diet, calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, and time-restricted feeding can reduce aerobic glycolysis and inhibit the mTOR pathway, producing a reduction in cyst cell proliferation, a reduction in kidney volume, and helping to preserve kidney function. ADPKD’s burden of disease has an impact on patients’ quality of life, and the possibility to play sports or carry out physical exercise can help people in everyday life. The multisystemic character of the disease, especially cardiovascular involvement, needs to be carefully evaluated to establish the quality and quantity of physical activity that patients can safely carry out.

Relação Entre Doença Renal Policística Autossômica Dominante E Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica

“…Assim, é indicado que pacientes com essa patologia desenvolvam hábitos de vida saudáveis. É importante que os indivíduos com DRPAD tenham uma nutrição adequada, minimizando assim as complicações e progressão da doença (CAPELLI et al, 2023).…”

“…Dessa forma, os indivíduos diagnosticados com DRP devem realizar acompanhamento médico e, principalmente, manter uma vida saudável, com peso normal e índice de massa corporal (IMC) entre 18.5 e 25.9, uma vez que o aumento do peso faz com que os cistos aumentem de tamanho. Além disso, é possível reduzir as complicações por meio da redução da ingesta de café, aumento da ingesta de água e prática de atividade física semanal, possibilitando redução da hipertensão, melhoria na qualidade de vida e redução da morbidade (CAPELLI et. al., 2023).…”

Chronic Kidney Disease Diets for Kidney Failure Prevention: Insights from the IL-11 Paradigm

“…Diet critically impacts the development and progression of CKD, both directly and by influencing hyperglycemia, hypertension, obesity, and inflammation [5,[18][19][20][21]. Therefore, even for primary renal diseases, like polycystic kidney disease and IgA nephropathy, the management of dietary composition and regimen can slow disease progression and complications [22,23]. Patients in early CKD Stages 1-2 are recommended to adhere to a renal protective diet (Box 3) and lifestyle proposed for the general population that includes physical activity, smoking cessation, and management of weight, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and other comorbidities that includes other core elements defined in 2015 as a healthy dietary pattern by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee [24].…”