Diet and Reproductive States in a High Altitude Neotropical Lizard,<i>Liolaemus crepuscularis</i>(Iguania: Liolaemidae)

Semhan, Romina Valeria; Halloy, Monique; Abdala, Cristian Simón

doi:10.2994/sajh.d.12-00029.1

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although we recommend additional surveys to confirm the diet of L. etheridgei , we think that herbivory or an intermediate consumption of plant material is evident. There are several Liolaemus species with an intermediate consumption of plants: L. alticolor , L. jamesi , and L. signifier (Valencia et al, 1982 ; cited in Semhan et al, 2013 ), L. eleodori (Astudillo et al, 2015 ), L. pictus (Vidal & Sabat, 2010 ), L. polystictus (Olivera Jara & Aguilar, 2020 ), amongst others (see Abdala et al, 2012 ). Semhan et al ( 2013 ) point out the existence of a continuum between carnivory–omnivory–herbivory; accordingly, we suggest that L. etheridgei is not in any extreme but biased toward herbivory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several Liolaemus species with an intermediate consumption of plants: L. alticolor , L. jamesi , and L. signifier (Valencia et al, 1982 ; cited in Semhan et al, 2013 ), L. eleodori (Astudillo et al, 2015 ), L. pictus (Vidal & Sabat, 2010 ), L. polystictus (Olivera Jara & Aguilar, 2020 ), amongst others (see Abdala et al, 2012 ). Semhan et al ( 2013 ) point out the existence of a continuum between carnivory–omnivory–herbivory; accordingly, we suggest that L. etheridgei is not in any extreme but biased toward herbivory. Regarding the tendency for herbivory, L. etheridgei would be a “widely foraging” species (Huey & Pianka, 1981 ) as it would need to move in order to reach plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, all taxonomical items plus the plant material were considered prey categories like in similar lizard diet studies (e.g. Semhan et al, 2013 ). Dry weight measurements were taken for each prey category using a digital scale (Anyload ES‐203HA precision 200 g × 0.001 g).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microhabitat use, daily activity pattern, and diet of Liolaemus etheridgei Laurent, 1998 (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) in the Andean Polylepis forests of Arequipa, Peru

Llanqui

Edwards

Tejeda

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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This study describes the microhabitat use, daily activity pattern, and diet of Liolaemus etheridgei Laurent, 1998 in the El Simbral and Tuctumpaya Polylepis forests in Arequipa, Peru. El Simbral is a fragmented forest, whereas Tuctumpaya is unfragmented. Our results reveal that L. etheridgei shows no positive selection for any of the microhabitats we identified in Polylepis forests; on the contrary, it selects negatively against Polylepis trees and nonthorny bushes. The daily activity patterns indicate a bimodal pattern with peaks at 9:00–10:59 and 13:00–13:59 h. The diet of L. etheridgei consists mainly of plant material, and the most important animal prey category is Lygaeidae: Hemiptera, which is selected for positively. In particular, microhabitat selection varied for nonthorny bushes, which were selected negatively in the Tuctumpaya population but neither positively nor negatively in the El Simbral population. According to the proportions of plant material found, the L. etheridgei from El Simbral were found to be omnivorous, whereas the Tuctumpaya population was herbivorous. However, the percentage of plant material consumed in the El Simbral population was close to the critical value for herbivory–omnivory. We conclude that the three ecological aspects of L. etheridgei studied here are virtually identical in El Simbral and Tuctumpaya; therefore, this species is not affected significantly by the current fragmentation of forest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microhabitat use, daily activity pattern, and diet of Liolaemus etheridgei Laurent, 1998 (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) in the Andean Polylepis forests of Arequipa, Peru

Llanqui

Edwards

Tejeda

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…We found this to be very helpful, however their classification of the omnivore (11–50% volumetric proportion of plant matter in the diet) and herbivore groups (70–100%) left an unclassified gap between 50 and 70% of plant matter, making the boundary between these two diet groups uncertain [ 37 ]. Subsequent studies adopted this classification adjusting omnivory to 11–50% and herbivory to > 50% [ 55 , 74 ], but we believe that in this arrangement, omnivory is underestimated and herbivory is overestimated. Therefore, we considered an insectivorous species when up to 10% plant matter was found in the stomach content, omnivory is better represented between 11 and 75% of plant matter, and that a fundamental plant diet (herbivorous) is > 75% [ 75 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary transitions in diet influence the exceptional diversification of a lizard adaptive radiation

et al. 2022

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Background Diet is a key component of a species ecological niche and plays critical roles in guiding the trajectories of evolutionary change. Previous studies suggest that dietary evolution can influence the rates and patterns of species diversification, with omnivorous (animal and plant, ‘generalist’) diets slowing down diversification compared to more restricted (‘specialist’) herbivorous and carnivorous diets. This hypothesis, here termed the “dietary macroevolutionary sink” hypothesis (DMS), predicts that transitions to omnivorous diets occur at higher rates than into any specialist diet, and omnivores are expected to have the lowest diversification rates, causing an evolutionary sink into a single type of diet. However, evidence for the DMS hypothesis remains conflicting. Here, we present the first test of the DMS hypothesis in a lineage of ectothermic tetrapods—the prolific Liolaemidae lizard radiation from South America. Results Ancestral reconstructions suggest that the stem ancestor was probably insectivorous. The best supported trait model is a diet-dependent speciation rate, with independent extinction rates. Herbivory has the highest net diversification rate, omnivory ranks second, and insectivory has the lowest. The extinction rate is the same for all three diet types and is much lower than the speciation rates. The highest transition rate was from omnivory to insectivory, and the lowest transition rates were between insectivory and herbivory. Conclusions Our findings challenge the core prediction of the DMS hypothesis that generalist diets represent an ‘evolutionary sink’. Interestingly, liolaemid lizards have rapidly and successfully proliferated across some of the world’s coldest climates (at high elevations and latitudes), where species have evolved mixed arthropod-plant (omnivore) or predominantly herbivore diets. This longstanding observation is consistent with the higher net diversification rates found in both herbivory and omnivory. Collectively, just like the evolution of viviparity has been regarded as a ‘key adaptation’ during the liolaemid radiation across cold climates, our findings suggest that transitions from insectivory to herbivory (bridged by omnivory) are likely to have played a role as an additional key adaptation underlying the exceptional diversification of these reptiles across extreme climates.

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“…Es uno de los dos géneros de lagartijas más diverso del mundo, con especies distribuidas en América del Sur, desde Tierra del Fuego hasta Perú (Etheridge, 1995); por tal motivo es un taxón ideal para el análisis de estrategias reproductivas de lagartijas en un contexto ambiental y filogenético. Para este género se han descripto diferentes patrones reproductivos que incluyen modalidades ovíparas y vivíparas con ciclos anuales, estacionales y bienales (Ramírez Pinilla, 1991a;Ramírez Pinilla 1994, 1995Cruz & Ramírez Pinilla, 1996;Ibargüengoytía & Cussac, 1996;Martori & Aún, 1997;Aun & Martori, 1998;Ibargüengoytía & Cussac, 1998;Vega & Bellagamba, 2005;Cánovas et al, 2006;Martori & Aun, 2010;Medina & Ibargüengoytía, 2010;Verrastro & Rauber, 2013;Semhan et al, 2013; entre otros), pero se desconoce aún el potencial reproductivo de la mayoría de las especies (Ávila et al, 2000).…”

unclassified

Reproduction and fat bodies cycle of Liolaemus espinozai Abdala, 2005 (Sauria: Liolaemidae) from Campo El Arenal, Catamarca, Argentina

Cabrera

Scrocchi²

2019

MACN

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El patrón reproductivo, la tasa de crecimiento y la supervivencia son las principales características de la historia de vida de los organismos (Stearns, 1992). El tamaño o edad en que un individuo adquiere su madurez sexual, el tamaño de la puesta y la fenología reproductiva inciden sobre el reclutamiento y por tanto sobre la estabilidad del tamaño poblacional (Dunham et al., 1988). Los patrones reproductivos en los escamados han sido relacionados con factores ambientales y con la filogenia. Según Fitch (1982), el ambiente ejerce fuerte influencia sobre los patrones reproductivos en saurios; para Vitt (1986), este efecto ambiental queda sujeto a la historia biogeográfica y al acervo genético de la especie. Para Dunham & Miles (1985), el patrón reproductivo de cada especie depende tanto de factores extrínsecos como de factores intrínsecos, principalmente la filogenia y la historia biogeográfica del grupo. En algunos taxones de lagartijas, la baja variabilidad

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Diet and Reproductive States in a High Altitude Neotropical Lizard,Liolaemus crepuscularis(Iguania: Liolaemidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Microhabitat use, daily activity pattern, and diet of Liolaemus etheridgei Laurent, 1998 (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) in the Andean Polylepis forests of Arequipa, Peru

Microhabitat use, daily activity pattern, and diet of Liolaemus etheridgei Laurent, 1998 (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) in the Andean Polylepis forests of Arequipa, Peru

Evolutionary transitions in diet influence the exceptional diversification of a lizard adaptive radiation

Reproduction and fat bodies cycle of Liolaemus espinozai Abdala, 2005 (Sauria: Liolaemidae) from Campo El Arenal, Catamarca, Argentina

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