Diet, commensal microbiota‐derived extracellular vesicles, and host immunity

Taitz, Jemma; Tan, Jian; Potier-Villette, Camille; Ni, Duan; King, Nicholas J. C.; Nanan, Ralph; Macia, Laurence

doi:10.1002/eji.202250163

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Future research directions include a detailed understanding of the changes in bacterial microbiota diversity and analysis of bacterial metabolites and secretions such as extracellular vesicles during post-onset dysbiosis, which will help us to better understand the disease at the molecular level [ 56 ]. The findings may establish methodologies for therapeutic intervention, including control of the gut microbiota, to avoid the risk of severe disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV

Ishizaka,

Koga,

Mizutani

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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Background People living with HIV (PLWH) with chronic inflammation may have an increasing risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity; however, the impact of their gut microbiota on COVID-19 is not fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in the gut microbiota composition of hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected PLWH (PLWH-CoV) and their correlation with COVID-19 severity. Result The 16S rRNA analysis results using stool samples (along the timeline from disease onset) from 12 hospitalized PLWH-CoV, whose median CD4 + T cell count was 671 cells/µl, were compared to those of 19 healthy people and 25 PLWH. Bacterial diversity in PLWH-CoV is not significantly different from that of healthy people and SARS-CoV-2 non-infected PLWH, but a significant difference in the microbiota diversity was observed in the classification according to the disease severity. Immediately after the disease onset, remarkable changes were observed in the gut microbiota of PLWH-CoV, and the changing with a decrease in some short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and an increase in colitis-related pathobiont. In the second week after disease onset, relative amounts of specific bacteria distinguished between disease severity. One month after the disease onset, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota persisted, and the number of Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia-Shigella, which is potentially pathogenic, increased and were enriched in patients who developed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Conclusion The changes in the gut microbiota associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in PLWH in this study indicated a persistent decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria and an intestinal environment with an increase in opportunistic pathogens associated with enteritis. This report demonstrates that the intestinal environment in PLWH tends to show delayed improvement even after COVID-19 recovery, and highlights the importance of the dysbiosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection as a potential factor in the COVID-19 severity and the PASC in PLWH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV

Ishizaka,

Koga,

Mizutani

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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“…Several studies have elucidated host-microbe relationships through the interactions of BEVs with the host system and have further identified how the host invokes diverse immune responses to BEVs (21,109). Bacterial EVs play a critical role in the regulation of these cross-kingdom communications (110)(111)(112) and gut microbiota homeostasis (113,114), as discussed hereinafter.…”

Section: Bacterial Evs In the Regulation Of Host-microbe Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Inflammatory Response and Host-Microbe Interactions

Liu,

Akbar,

Oliverio

et al. 2023

Shock

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a new revelation in cross-kingdom communication, with increasing evidence showing the diverse roles of bacterial EVs (BEVs) in mammalian cells and host-microbe interactions. BEVs include outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by gram-negative bacteria and membrane vesicles (MVs) generated from gram-positive bacteria. Recently, BEVs have drawn attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools because they are nano-sized and can deliver bacterial cargo into host cells. Importantly, exposure to BEVs significantly affects various physiological and pathological responses in mammalian cells. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various effects of BEVs on host cells (i.e., immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells) and inflammatory/infectious diseases. First, the biogenesis and purification methods of BEVs are summarized. Next, the mechanisms and pathways identified by BEVs that stimulate either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses are highlighted. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which BEVs regulate host-microbe interactions and their effects on the immune system. Finally, this review focuses on the contribution of BEVs to the pathogenesis of sepsis/septic shock and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of sepsis.

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“…Intestinal health is associated not only with its own condition but also with the microbiota colonized within. The available evidence reveals that the vast majority of gut microbiota are composed of bacterial species, and the EVs they secrete can act as a potent immunomodulator in the host [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: A Crucial Player in the Intestinal Microenvironment and Beyond

Wang,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The intestinal ecological environment plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and overall well-being. In recent years, research has focused on the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in both physiological and pathological conditions of the intestine. The intestine does not only consume EVs from exogenous foods, but also those from other endogenous tissues and cells, and even from the gut microbiota. The alteration of conditions in the intestine and the intestinal microbiota subsequently gives rise to changes in other organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), namely the microbiome–gut–brain axis, which also exhibits a significant involvement of EVs. This review first gives an overview of the generation and isolation techniques of EVs, and then mainly focuses on elucidating the functions of EVs derived from various origins on the intestine and the intestinal microenvironment, as well as the impacts of an altered intestinal microenvironment on other physiological systems. Lastly, we discuss the role of microbial and cellular EVs in the microbiome–gut–brain axis. This review enhances the understanding of the specific roles of EVs in the gut microenvironment and the central nervous system, thereby promoting more effective treatment strategies for certain associated diseases.

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Diet, commensal microbiota‐derived extracellular vesicles, and host immunity

Cited by 9 publications

References 129 publications

Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV

Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV

Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Inflammatory Response and Host-Microbe Interactions

Extracellular Vesicles: A Crucial Player in the Intestinal Microenvironment and Beyond

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