Diet Control More Intensively Disturbs Gut Microbiota Than Genetic Background in Wild Type and ob/ob Mice

Abstract

Changes in environmental and genetic factors are vital to development of obesity and its complications. Induction of obesity and type 2 diabetes by both leptin deficiency (ob/ob) and high fat diet (HFD) has been verified in animal models. In the present experiment, three types of diets (normal diet; ND, HFD and high sucrose diet; HSD) and two types of genetic mice (Wild type: WT and ob/ob) were used to explore the relationship among diet supplements, gut microbiota, host genetics and metabolic status. HFD increased the body, fat and liver weight of both ob/ob and WT mice, but HSD did not. HFD also resulted in dyslipidemia, as well as increased serum transaminases and fasting glucose in ob/ob mice but not in WT mice, while HSD did not. Moreover, HFD led to brain BDNF elevation in WT mice and reduction in ob/ob mice, whereas HSD did not. Both HFD and HSD had a greater influence on gut microbiota than host genotypes. In detail, both of HFD and HSD alteration elucidated the majority (≥63%) of the whole structural variation in gut microbiota, however, host genetic mutation accounted for the minority (≤11%). Overall, diets more intensively disturbed the structure of gut microbiota in excess of genetic change, particularly under leptin deficient conditions. Different responses of host genotypes may contribute to the development of metabolic disorder phenotypes linked with gut microbiota alterations.

Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

“…Microbiome analysis has revealed that disease progression is associated with changes in the fecal microbiome. Research on animal models has indicated that different responses based on host genotypes may contribute to the development of metabolic disorder phenotypes linked with gut microbiota alterations (Miranda-Ribera et al, 2019 ; Wang J. H. et al, 2019 ). In healthy individuals, most intestinal bacteria can be classified under five phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria , and Verrucomicrobia (Tremaroli and Backhed, 2012 ).…”

Hafnia alvei HA4597 Strain Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight Gain and Improves Body Composition, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Hyperphagic Obesity

“…Indeed, it has been known for a long time that ob/ob mice display high retention of nutrient-derived energy, which is further enhanced by consumption of HFD [14]. HFD induction of adiposity is associated with a proportional increase of plasma leptin levels which do not result in decreased caloric consumption, witnessing the development of a leptin resistance, whereas feeding of HFD to ob/ob mice is accompanied by even further increase of their total food intake [15,16].Thus, in the present study, we used HFD to exacerbate obesity in hyperphagic ob/ob mice and then treated them chronically with H. alvei HA4597™, to compare its effects with untreated mice. We also compared the anti-obesity effects of H. alvei with the drug orlistat, a lipase inhibitor used in humans for body weight control.…”

“…Indeed, it has been known for a long time that ob/ob mice display high retention of nutrient-derived energy, which is further enhanced by consumption of HFD [14]. HFD induction of adiposity is associated with a proportional increase of plasma leptin levels which do not result in decreased caloric consumption, witnessing the development of a leptin resistance, whereas feeding of HFD to ob/ob mice is accompanied by even further increase of their total food intake [15,16].…”

Gut microbiota and metabolic marker alteration following dietary isoflavone‐photoperiod interaction

“…57 Together, these results support the roles for the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes abundance ratio and diversity metrics as a potential descriptive biomarkers of obesity. 50,58 In the laboratory, many of the physiological changes related to variations in the circannual rhythm can be achieved by manipulating the length of the day, making it an ideal model. Yet, very limited studies have assessed the effect of the duration of the day on the gut microbiome.…”

“…Similar findings have also been observed in models of induced obesity and type 2 diabetes using the leptin-deficient mouse (ob/ob) as well as high-fat diet. 58 Therefore, the findings that were revealed via machine learning may be helpful when predicting potential metabolic disorders.…”