Diet induced the change of mtDNA copy number and metabolism in Angus cattle

Abstract

Background: Grass-fed and grain-fed Angus cattle differ in the diet regimes. However, the intricate mechanisms of different beef quality and other phenotypes induced by diet differences are still unclear. Diet affects mitochondrial function and dynamic behavior in response to changes in energy demand and supply. In this study, we examined the mtDNA copy number, mitochondria-related genes expression, and metabolic biomarkers in grass-fed and grainfed Angus cattle. Results: We found that the grass-fed group had a higher mtDNA copy number than the grain-fed group. Among different tissues, the mtDNA copy number was the highest in the liver than muscle, rumen, and spleen. Based on the transcriptome of the four tissues, a lower expression of mtDNA-encoded genes in the grass-fed group compared to the grain-fed group was discovered. For the mitochondria-related nuclear genes, however, most of them were significantly down-regulated in the muscle of the grass-fed group and up-regulated in the other three tissues. In which, COX6A2, POLG2, PPIF, DCN, and NDUFA12, involving in ATP synthesis, mitochondrial replication, transcription, and maintenance, might contribute to the alterations of mtDNA copy number and gene expression. Meanwhile, 40 and 23 metabolic biomarkers were identified in the blood and muscle of the grain-fed group compared to a grass-fed group, respectively. Integrated analysis of the altered metabolites and gene expression revealed the high expression level of MDH1 in the grain-fed group might contribute to the mitochondrial NADH oxidation and spermidine metabolism for adapting the deletion mtDNA copy number. Conclusions: Overall, the study may provide further deep insight into the adaptive and regulatory modulations of the mitochondrial function in response to different feeding systems in Angus cattle.

Mitochondrial DNA copy number and trimethylamine levels in the blood: New insights on cardiovascular disease biomarkers

“…Several pollutants (eg, benzene, 81 particulate matter, 82 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 83 ) have been associated with changes in mtDNAcn. In addition, dietary factors, 84,85 especially salt intake, 86 might modify the mtDNAcn in blood. This is particularly interesting in the context of CVD prevention.…”

Mitochondrial DNA and Neurodegeneration: Any Role for Dietary Antioxidants?

“…Indeed, EGCG-fed mice displayed higher body temperature and mtDNA content in BAT [244]. Of note, not only dietary antioxidants but other nutrients [245] or dietary regimen [246,247], as well as alteration of body composition [65], has shown association with mtDNA copy number, corroborating the hypothesis that diet and health status are strictly linked with the mtDNA function. Conversely, it has been recently demonstrated that alteration of mitochondrial DNA content can modulate antioxidant enzyme expressions and, consequentially, oxidative stress in the cell [248].…”

Molecular quantification of parasitic sea louse larvae depends on species and life stage

“…Similarly, lipid content may differ greatly between L. salmonis and C. elongatus larvae based on potential differences in energetics of the two species. Furthermore, relative mtDNA abundance has been linked to mitochondria abundance and metabolic traits in humans and livestock and the differences we detected in the mtDNA copy amounts between C. elongatus and L. salmonis may indicate a difference between the resting metabolism or metabolic potential of the two louse species (Bai et al., 2020; Ganel et al., 2021; Gibbons et al., 2014). As a specialist to salmonids, L. salmonis are relatively rarely occurring and mostly inhabit surface waters, whereas C. elongatus is widely considered a generalist and has been recorded parasitizing over 80 teleosts and elasmobranchs within the North Atlantic, including both pelagic and demersal species (Kabata, 1979; Øines & Heuch, 2007).…”