Diet quality indices and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Abstract

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between diet quality and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsEligible adults (n=7268) were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study with an average follow-up of 6.6 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Anthropometrics and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examinations. Dietary pattern scores were calculated for the Healthy Eating Index 2015, Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the development of T2D in relation to diet quality.ResultsThis study was conducted on 3265 men and 4003 women aged 42.4±14.6 and 40.6±13.5 years, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, all three diet quality scores were not associated with risk of T2D. Among individual components of the examined dietary patterns, risk of T2D increased from quartiles 1 to 4 for sodium intake (HR (95% CI) 1.00, 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25), 1.17 (0.92 to 1.49), 1.28 (1.01 to 1.62), Ptrend<0.01) and decreased from quartiles 1 to 4 for red meat intake (HR (95% CI) 1.00, 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14), 0.75 (0.58 to 0.95), 0.85 (0.67 to 1.08), Ptrend<0.01).ConclusionThis study emphasizes a potentially protective relationship of moderate red meat intake against development of T2D; also higher intake of sodium is related to risk of T2D.

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

“…Accordingly, the remaining thirty-seven full-text articles were examined for eligibility, and 22 were excluded for the following reasons: 5 did not evaluated DM risk; 1 lacked su cient data and the corresponding author of this study could not be contacted; 16 did not mention DASH diet score. Finally, fteen studies(13 cohort and 2 case-control studies) with 557,475 participants and 57,064 cases of DM were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis(6-8, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][34][35][36][37]. Figure 1.…”

“…For example, the DASH diet, as a priori dietary pattern, emphasizes high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, moderate consumption of low-fat dairy products, as well as low consumption of sodium, sweetened beverages and red and processed meats (14). To date, a substantial amount of epidemiological studies have been performed to examine the relationship between adherence to the DASH diet and DM risk (24)(25)(26)(34)(35)(36)(37), but these ndings remain inconsistent. In the Iran cohort study, Esfandiar and colleagues reported a 13% increased between adherence to DASH diet and the risk of DM (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.88-1.46) (34).…”

“…To date, a substantial amount of epidemiological studies have been performed to examine the relationship between adherence to the DASH diet and DM risk (24)(25)(26)(34)(35)(36)(37), but these ndings remain inconsistent. In the Iran cohort study, Esfandiar and colleagues reported a 13% increased between adherence to DASH diet and the risk of DM (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.88-1.46) (34). By contrast, in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health(ELSA-Brasil) study, Drehmer et al observed that greater adherence to the DASH diet was not signi cantly related to the risk of newly diagnosed DM(OR:1.07; 95%CI: 0.84-1.36)(36).…”

“…In addition, all included articles used methods designed by Fung et al ( (19-20, 35, 37) to extract DASH diet. Finally, based on the NOS scores, all of the included studies were considered to be of high-quality studies (6-8, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][34][35][36][37].…”

High Versus Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet for Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The number of participants presented is the summary of participants of the lowest and highest category of MD adherence. In some cases, where data were not available in each category [ 52 , 65 , 66 , 67 ], participants were the reported population in the study. All analyses were performed using the statistical program R Software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, Version 4.1.1) [ 68 ].…”