Dietary and metabolic differences in pre- versus postmenopausal women taking or not taking hormone replacement therapy

Reimer, Raylene A.; Debert, Chantel T.; House, Jennifer L; Poulin, Marc J.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.12.011

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…With regard to tocopherols, several reports have demonstrated a non-significant fluctuation in plasma α-tocopherol levels during the menstrual cycle. Lanza et al (1998) reported 12% lower levels at menses than during luteal phase, Reimer et al (2005) reported 12% lower levels during follicular phase compared with the luteal phase and Palan et al (2006) observed 28% lower levels in the follicular versus luteal phase. It should be noted however that these observations were made under controlled dietary conditions which were not a component of several studies failing to demonstrate menstrual cycle variation and may explain the inability of the present study to detect these changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Analytical and biological variation of biomarkers of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle

et al. 2008

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Little information is available on the intra-individual variability of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy individuals and even less in the context of the menstrual cycle. The objective of this study was to characterize the analytical and biological variability of a panel of 21 markers of oxidative damage, antioxidant defence and micronutrients in nine healthy, regularly menstruating women aged 18-44 years. Analyses included measurement of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant vitamins. Blood specimens were collected, processed and stored using standardized procedures on days 2, 7, 12, 13, 14, 18, 22 and 28 in one cycle for each subject. Replicate analyses of markers were performed and two-way nested random effects ANOVA was used to describe analytical, intra-individual and inter-individual variability. No statistically significant differences at α = 0.05, or temporal effects across the menstrual cycle were observed. Analytical variability was the smallest component of variance for all variables. The ICC among replicates ranged from 0.80 to 0.98. Imprecision based on quality control materials ranged from 1 to 11%. The critical differences between serial results varied greatly between assays ranging from 6 to 216% of the mean level. These results provide important initial information on the variability of biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defence and micronutrients across the menstrual cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Analytical and biological variation of biomarkers of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle

et al. 2008

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“…The power of this study, however, was such that changes of Ͼ30% were required for significance. We know of three reports in which HRT failed to affect eating (585,587,672). None of these studies, however, was strongly designed.…”

Section: R1226 Sex Differences In the Physiology Of Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of these studies, however, was strongly designed. For example, in one (587), only a single day's food intake was estimated by interview, and in another (585), a between-subjects design with only 6 and 9 women was used. In the third study (672), normal-weight women who had had natural menopause 0.5-5 yr previously were randomly assigned either an HRT regimen or to placebo in a double-blind design (n ϭ 14 each), and eating was estimated by food diaries for 3-day periods at the onset and after 2 yr of treatment.…”

Section: R1226 Sex Differences In the Physiology Of Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

414

349

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(HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of amounts eaten in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. These controls result from interactions among genetic effects, organizational effects of reproductive hormones (i.e., permanent early developmental effects), and activational effects of these hormones (i.e., effects dependent on hormone levels). Male-female sex differences in the physiology of eating involve both organizational and activational effects of androgens and estrogens. An activational effect of estrogens decreases eating 1) during the periovulatory period of the ovarian cycle in rats, mice, monkeys, and women and 2) tonically between puberty and reproductive senescence or ovariectomy in rats and monkeys, sometimes in mice, and possibly in women. Estrogens acting on estrogen receptor-␣ (ER␣) in the caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract appear to mediate these effects in rats. Androgens, prolactin, and other reproductive hormones also affect eating in rats. Sex differences in eating are mediated by alterations in orosensory capacity and hedonics, gastric mechanoreception, ghrelin, CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, amylin, apolipoprotein A-IV, fatty-acid oxidation, and leptin. The control of eating by central neurochemical signaling via serotonin, MSH, neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone, and dopamine is modulated by HPG function. Finally, sex differences in the physiology of eating may contribute to human obesity, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating. The variety and physiological importance of what has been learned so far warrant intensifying basic, translational, and clinical research on sex differences in eating.neuroendocrinology; estrogens; testosterone; eating disorders; obesity SEX DIFFERENCES ARE PERVASIVE in physiology and medicine (51,64,73,109,110,466,797,826). The controls of eating and energy homeostasis are no exceptions. It was observed approximately 100 years ago that removal of the ovaries leads to marked accretion of adipose tissue in rats (697), that daily food intake expressed as kilocalories per gram body weight differs between male and female rats (778), and that food intake varies regularly through the ovarian cycle in intact female rats (674, 779). Sex differences in eating have been the subject of physiological research ever since. The clinical relevance of this work is increasingly evident. In the United States, women are approximately threefold more vulnerable than men to psychiatric eating disorders (346,351) and approximately twofold more vulnerable to severe and morbid obesity (BMI Ն 35 and 40 kg/m 2 , respectively, mass/height 2 ) (226). Women also appear to suffer more from these disorders in terms of physical and psychological functioning and quality of life (24,84,273,292,465,531,762). The increased obesity burden suffered by women is reflected in the fact that Ͼ80% of bariatric surgery patients in the U...

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“…However, several prospective studies indicate that energy intake is unaffected by hormone therapy, (43,44 ) and a metaanalysis of data from 22 randomized clinical trials did not show evidence of significant weight gain or BMI change with estrogen alone or in combination with progestin (45 ). Rather, most randomized controlled trials show a reduction in central adiposity with menopausal hormone therapy compared with untreated women (46,47 ).…”

Section: Influence Of Estrogen Decline On Emergence Of Multiple Risk mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Cardiovascular Health in Women

2014

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BACKGROUND:The metabolic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by the presence of multiple interrelated risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Component features include dysglycemia, increased blood pressure, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations, and obesity (in particular, abdominal obesity). The underlying biology, optimal diagnostic criteria, and clinical implications, once diagnosed, have been matter for intense debate. Despite these areas of controversy, there is now general consensus that the observed risk factor clustering signifies heightened cardiovascular risk. CONTENT:The influence of sex on the clinical expression and pathophysiology of the syndrome is underrecognized, and is an issue of increasing importance given the alarming increase in prevalence among young women. This minireview will highlight sex differences in the epidemiology, etiology, biology, and clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome. In particular, key sex differences include distinctions in (a) prevalence of dysglycemia, (b) body fat distribution, (c) adipocyte size and function, (d) hormonal regulation of body weight and adiposity, and (e) the influence of estrogen decline on risk factor clustering.

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Dietary and metabolic differences in pre- versus postmenopausal women taking or not taking hormone replacement therapy

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Analytical and biological variation of biomarkers of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle

Analytical and biological variation of biomarkers of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Sex Differences in the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Cardiovascular Health in Women

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