Dietary Arsenic Intake in Taiwanese Districts with Elevated Arsenic in Drinking Water

Schoof, Rosalind A.; Yost, Lisa J.; Crecelius, E.A.; Irgolic, Kurt J.; Goessler, Walter; Guo, How‐Ran; Greene, Howard L.

doi:10.1080/10807039891284235

Cited by 95 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Arsenic in rice grain (0.30 mg/kg dry weight) was found when the rice was grown with 2.0 ppm arsenic contaminated irrigation water [23].We also found that arsenic accumulation in grain of BR-11 rice was increased significantly (p<0.01) with increase of arsenic concentration in irrigation water (Table 3). The highest level of arsenic accumulation in grain (0.47 ± 0.03 mg/kg) and the lowest level of arsenic accumulation in grain (0.06 ± 0.01 mg/kg) was observed in 4 mg/l and control treatments, respectively (Table 3).Rice grain generally has lower arsenic concentration and the concentration remains much below the maximum permissible limit of 1 mg/kg As [28]. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.01) strong positive correlation (r = 0.804) between arsenic in irrigation water and arsenic accumulation in grain of BR-11 rice was found (Table 4).…”

Section: Arsenic Accumulation In Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment for Arsenic Accumulation into Rice Cultivated with Arsenic Enriched Irrigation Water in Bangladesh

Azad¹,

Monda²,

Hossain³

et al. 2013

ENV

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A green house field experiment of rice (Oryza sativa L) with arsenic amended irrigation water was conducted at Institute of Environmental Science of Rajshahi University to observe the trend of arsenic (As) accumulation into rice and soil. Sodium arsenate (Na 2 HAsO 4 ) amended irrigation water (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/l As) was used for cultivating a popular HYV-aman rice variety named BR-11. Arsenic accumulation of rice straw, grain and soil were investigated. A significant (p ≤ 0.01) increasing trend of arsenic accumulation in straw, grain and soil was found with increase of arsenic in irrigation water. The highest level of arsenic in straw, grain and soil was observed in the treatment of 4.0 mg/l As containing irrigation water and lowest level in control treatment. Arsenic in irrigation water showed a strong positive correlations with arsenic accumulation into soil, straw and grain, and the trend of accumulation was found as water > soil > straw > grain.

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Section: Arsenic Accumulation In Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment for Arsenic Accumulation into Rice Cultivated with Arsenic Enriched Irrigation Water in Bangladesh

Azad¹,

Monda²,

Hossain³

et al. 2013

ENV

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“…A number of surveys have reported the contamination of As in rice (Schoof et al, 1998;Heitkemper et al, 2001;Alam et al, 2003;Kohlmeyer et al, 2003;Meharg and Rahman 2003;D'Amato et al, 2004;Meharg 2004;Williams et al, 2005). Recent studies have also shown that baby rice (precooked and milled rice) and rice milk (enzyme extracted rice product used as a dairy and soya milk alternative) have elevated inorganic arsenic contents (Meharg et al, 2008a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of arsenic and its speciation in rice products such as breakfast cereals, rice crackers and Japanese rice condiments

Sun

Williams

Zhu

et al. 2009

Environment International

144

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Rice has been demonstrated to be one of the major contributors to arsenic (As) in human diets in addition to drinking water, but little is known about rice products as an additional source of As exposure. Rice products were analyzed for total As and a subset of samples were measured for arsenic speciation using high performance liquid chromatography interfaced with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). A wide range of rice products had total and inorganic arsenic levels that typified those found in rice grain including, crisped rice, puffed rice, rice crackers, rice noodles and a range of Japanese rice condiments as well as rice products targeted at the macrobiotic, vegan, lactose intolerant and gluten intolerance food market. Most As in rice products are inorganic As (75.2-90.1%). This study provides a wider appreciation of how inorganic arsenic derived from rice products enters the human diet.

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“…This is in part due to the anaerobic culture of rice that leads to mobilization of arsenic into soil solution in paddies, coupled with efficient uptake of arsenic from that soil solution (7). The situation is further exacerbated in certain rice growing regions of the world where anthropogenic contamination of paddies with arsenic (through application of arsenical pesticides, irrigation with contaminated groundwater or through pollution from base and precious mining activities) has led to further elevation in the grain (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice grain arsenic speciation is dominated by inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) (6)(7)(8). Meharg et al (9) showed that whole grain (brown) rice had a higher inorganic arsenic and total arsenic content than polished (white) rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Bran and Its Products Are an Order of Magnitude Higher than in Bulk Grain

Sun

Williams

Carey

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

286

218

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Rice is more elevated in arsenic than all other grain crops tested to date, with whole grain (brown) rice having higher arsenic levels than polished (white). It is reported here that rice bran, both commercially purchased and specifically milled for this study, have levels of inorganic arsenic, a nonthreshold, class 1 carcinogen, reaching concentrations of ∼1 mg/kg dry weight, around 10-20 fold higher than concentrations found in bulk grain. Although pure rice bran is used as a health food supplement, perhaps of more concern is rice bran solubles, which are marketed as a superfood and as a supplement to malnourished children in international aid programs. Five rice bran solubles products were tested, sourced from the United States and Japan, and were found to have 0.61-1.9 mg/kg inorganic arsenic. Manufactures recommend ∼20 g servings of the rice bran solubles per day, which equates to a 0.012-0.038 mg intake of inorganic arsenic. There are no maximum concentration levels (MCLs) set for arsenic or its species in food stuffs. EU and U.S. water regulations, set at 0.01 mg/L total or inorganic arsenic, respectively, are based on the assumption that 1 L of water per day is consumed, i.e., 0.01 mg of arsenic/ day. At the manufacturers recommended rice bran solubles consumption rate, inorganic arsenic intake exceeds 0.01 mg/ day, remembering that rice bran solubles are targeted at malnourished children and that actual risk is based on mg kg -1 day -1 intake.

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Dietary Arsenic Intake in Taiwanese Districts with Elevated Arsenic in Drinking Water

Cited by 95 publications

References 10 publications

Experiment for Arsenic Accumulation into Rice Cultivated with Arsenic Enriched Irrigation Water in Bangladesh

Experiment for Arsenic Accumulation into Rice Cultivated with Arsenic Enriched Irrigation Water in Bangladesh

Survey of arsenic and its speciation in rice products such as breakfast cereals, rice crackers and Japanese rice condiments

Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Bran and Its Products Are an Order of Magnitude Higher than in Bulk Grain

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