Dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes in childhood and throughout adulthood and mammographic density in a British birth cohort

Mishra, Gita D.; McCormack, Valerie; Kuh, Diana; Hardy, Rebecca; Stephen, Alison M.; dos‐Santos‐Silva, Isabel

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604697

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A handful of studies have examined dietary intake of vitamin D in relation to breast density. With a couple of exceptions [32, 33], the majority of these studies reported null associations in postmenopausal women [34-38]. In contrast, an inverse association between dietary intake of vitamin D and breast density has been more consistently observed among premenopausal women [32, 34, 37, 39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vitamin D pathway and mammographic breast density among postmenopausal women

Sprague

Trentham‐Dietz

Gangnon

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Laboratory studies have demonstrated that vitamin D has a number of chemopreventive properties, and that these properties may be mediated or modified by other molecules in the vitamin D pathway, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) or calcium. However, there is little epidemiologic data exploring the effects of vitamin D on breast cancer risk in the context of these other molecules. We examined a panel of molecules in the vitamin D pathway in relation to mammographic breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, in the Wisconsin Breast Density Study. A total of 238 postmenopausal women (ages 55-70, with no history of postmenopausal hormone use) were enrolled from mammography clinics in Madison, Wisconsin. Subjects provided blood samples that were analyzed for levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], PTH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), retinol, and calcium. Percent breast density was measured using Cumulus software. In age-adjusted analyses there was a positive association between 25(OH)D and percent breast density (P=0.05; mean percent density=11.3% vs. 15.6% for 1st vs. 4th quartile of 25(OH)D). Breast density was inversely associated with PTH (P=0.05; 16.0% vs. 11.4% for Q1 vs. Q4) and positively associated with the IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P=0.02; 11.9% vs. 15.6% for Q1 vs. Q4). However, these associations were all null after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI; P>0.25). The independent relation between 25(OH)D and breast density remained null among subgroups defined by BMI and serum levels of retinol, calcium, and estradiol. These results suggest no strong independent associations between the circulating molecules of the vitamin D pathway and mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women. While it remains possible that vitamin D could influence breast cancer risk, our results suggest that such an effect would be mediated through pathways other than breast density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vitamin D pathway and mammographic breast density among postmenopausal women

Sprague

Trentham‐Dietz

Gangnon

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…(15-28) Few prospective studies of these association have been conducted (29, 30) and have not supported strong associations between vitamin D and calcium intake in childhood (30) or adulthood (29, 30) and mammographic density at midlife. Because results from these observational studies may be subject to residual confounding by other dietary and lifestyle factors affecting density that are also correlated with vitamin D intake, it is important to test these associations in randomized clinical trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation and One-Year Change in Mammographic Density in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Bertone‐Johnson

McTiernan

Thomson

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background Calcium and vitamin D may be inversely related to breast cancer risk, in part by affecting mammographic density. However, results from previous, mostly cross-sectional studies have been mixed, and there have been few randomized clinical trials of the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on change in mammographic density. Methods We assessed the effect of one year of supplementation on mammographic density in 330 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative Hormone Therapy (HT) and Calcium and Vitamin D (CaD) trials. Women were randomized to receive 1000 mg/day of elemental calcium carbonate plus 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 or placebo. Results After approximately one year, mammographic density decreased 2% in the CaD supplementation group and increased 1% in the placebo group (ratio of means = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81–1.17). Results suggested potential interaction by HT use (P = 0.08). Among women randomized to HT placebo, the ratio of mean density comparing CaD supplementation and placebo groups was 0.82 (95%CI = 0.61–1.11) vs. 1.16 (95%CI = 0.92–1.45) in women randomized to active HT. In sensitivity analyses limited to women taking ≥80% of study supplements, ratios were 0.67 (95%CI = 0.41–1.07) in women not assigned to HT and 1.07 (95%CI = 0.79–1.47) women assigned to HT. Conclusions We observed no overall effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on mammographic density after one year. Impact Potential interaction between these nutrients and estrogen as related to mammographic density warrants further study.

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“…Some found that high intake of vitamin D or higher levels of circulating 25-hydroxyviatmin D ((25(OH)D), a biomarker for vitamin D status, is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (Bérubé et al ., 2004; Bérubé et al ., 2005; Brisson et al ., 2007) whereas others reported no associations (Knight et al ., 2006; Mishra et al ., 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and mammographic density among premenopausal women in a multiethnic population

2010

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Although some evidence suggests a protective role of vitamin D against breast cancer, epidemiological findings are inconsistent. The current study investigated the relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with mammographic density. Baseline serum samples from 182 premenopausal women including 67 Caucasians and 74 Asians from a nutritional trial were analyzed for 25(OH)D. Mammographic density was assessed using a computer-assisted method. Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with mammographic density after adjustment for confounders (body mass index (BMI), age at mammogram, Asian ethnicity, age at first birth, parity and age at menarche). 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in Asians than in Caucasians, but no significant ethnic differences in mammographic density were observed after adjusting for BMI. Although the current results indicate that serum 25(OH)D levels were not associated with mammographic density among premenopausal women, a possible protective effect of vitamin D against breast cancer may be mediated through other pathways.

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Dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes in childhood and throughout adulthood and mammographic density in a British birth cohort

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

The vitamin D pathway and mammographic breast density among postmenopausal women

The vitamin D pathway and mammographic breast density among postmenopausal women

Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation and One-Year Change in Mammographic Density in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and mammographic density among premenopausal women in a multiethnic population

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