Dietary energy density and obesity: how consumption patterns differ by body weight status

Vernarelli, Jacqueline A.; Mitchell, Diane C.; Rolls, Barbara J.; Hartman, Terryl J.

doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1324-8

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The consumption of dietary carbohydrate foods in their liquid or solid form may affect the chance of obesity by varying degrees. In general, liquid carbohydrates produce less satiety compared with solid carbohydrates, thus increasing the tendency of excessive energy intake,60 61 a major risk for obesity 62 63. Moreover, liquid carbohydrate diets such as sugar-sweetened beverages are often high in GI18 64; therefore, they have the potential to increase postprandial blood glucose levels and decrease insulin sensitivity while raising the risk of obesity and overweight 64…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesThe relationships between carbohydrate intake and risk of obesity have been widely investigated. However, there are limited data on the associations between their relative proportions and quality contained in the same diet on risk of obesity, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between an overall Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) and general and abdominal obesity in women.Setting and participantsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 277 women in Ghana were analysed. Dietary information was obtained from 2-day 24 hours dietary recalls. CQI was calculated from the four indices dietary fibre, Glycaemic Index, whole grains/total grains ratio and solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates ratio.Outcome measuresBody mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and Conicity Index were measured.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the chance for general obesity (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65) and abdominal obesity measured by WC (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.58) were significantly lower in the topmost quintile of CQI in comparison with the lowest quintile. In addition, the OR for higher WHtR (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) was significantly lower among participants in the fifth quintile of CQI compared with those in the first quintile.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that there is an inverse association between dietary CQI and both general and abdominal obesity. These findings suggest that CQI may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana

et al. 2019

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“…The effects of dietary habits and dietary patterns in adolescent obesity have been reported in several studies [29][30][31][32][33]. Numerous nutritional risk factors such as high levels of simple and total carbohydrates intake [34,35], high intake of fat [36,37], low intake of vegetables [38,39], and incorrect nutritional habits, such as fast eating [40], irregular eating [41,42], and also lack of exercise [20,40] have been supposed to be the main factors in the etiology of overweight and obesity at adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pro-inflammatory diet increases the likelihood of obesity and overweight in adolescent boys: a case–control study

Vahid

Bourbour

Shivappa

et al. 2020

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background: Obesity and Overweight at an early age can contribute with many chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Diet-related inflammation is one of the most important underlying mechanisms that may has a key role in obesity and overweight. This paper aimed to compare the dietary inflammatory index (DII ®) in normal weight and overweight adolescent boys. Methods: A total of 535 adolescent boys (214 cases were overweight and obese and 321 controls with normal weight) participated in this study from two schools in Tehran, Iran. The student's weight and body composition were measured using a Bio-Impedance Analyzer (BIA) scale. A validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary inflammatory index. Results: Results obtained from modeling DII ® as a continuous variable identified a positive association between DII ® and obesity (OR = 1.08, CI 1.01-1.16). After multivariable adjustment, subjects with DII ® > 0.02 had at 1.5 times higher odds of obesity and overweight compared to subjects with DII ® ≤ 0.02 (OR = 1.52; CI 1.04-2.22). Conclusion: Our study indicated the importance of dietary-induced inflammation in the obesity and overweight during adolescence. Therefore, advising adolescent to consume diet with lower DII ® with more fruits and vegetables, rich sources of fiber, flavonoids, zinc, magnesium and selenium and avoiding the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans-fatty acids, and cholesterol may support a healthy weight.

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“…In addition, eating patterns that included higher intakes of fruits and vegetables were found to enhance satiety and hinder weight gain [ 43 , 44 ]. However, as several studies noted, weight management goals can be better achieved when low energy-dense foods (e.g., fruits and vegetables) are included in individuals’ diets as a substitute for energy dense and high-fat foods [ 29 , 45 , 46 ]. Otherwise, simply adding more fruit and vegetable portions without reducing calorie intake from other foods may lead to a higher energy intake and body weight increase [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical investigation of the impact of smoking on body weight using an endogenous treatment effects model approach: the role of food consumption patterns

Raptou

Papastefanou

2018

Nutr J

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BackgroundThis study explored the influence of cigarette smoking and food consumption patterns on BMI after adjusting for various socio-demographic characteristics. Since weight-based stereotypes may have an impact on smoking behaviour and both obesity and smoking have been associated with detrimental health effects, an interdependency between them is quite possible.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected via a formal standardized questionnaire administered in personal interviews and two additional self-completion questionnaires from a random sample of 3471 German adults. The empirical framework considered potential endogeneity between smoking and body weight by employing an endogenous treatment effects model with an ordered outcome. The estimations derived from the endogenous treatment effects approach were also compared to the univariate ordered probit model results.ResultsOur findings showed that ignoring potential endogeneity may affect both the statistical significance of the smoking estimate and the direction of the influence of smoking on BMI. Smoking was positively associated with BMI in both male (β = 1.236, p < 0.01) and female (β = 0.634, p < 0.10) participants. Smokers presented a 23.1% higher risk of obesity and a 24.3% lower likelihood of being within a healthy weight range. Male smokers also appeared to have a considerably augmented probability of being obese compared to their female counterparts (23.6% vs 15.1%). The relationship between smoking and BMI may be attributed to dietary practices, since smoking was correlated with poor dietary habits characterized by the frequent intake of more energy-dense foods (meat products and white-toasted bread) and less frequent consumption of healthy food items, such as whole-grain bread, vegetables and fruits. Concerning the impact of eating habits on body weight, frequent consumption of meat products and confectionery was found to have a direct association with BMI in both genders. Furthermore, white-toasted bread consumption was negatively linked with body weight in males (β = − 0.337, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings raised questions about the general belief that smoking is an effective weight control tool. Health interventions should be oriented toward a simultaneous decrease in smoking and obesity, since both behaviours seem to be interdependent. Nutrition programmes should also be designed according to the characteristics of different target groups in order to promote a healthy lifestyle.

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Dietary energy density and obesity: how consumption patterns differ by body weight status

Abstract: Higher proportions of energy intake and food weight contributed by very low- and low-ED foods are associated with lower BMI (and WC).

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana

Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana

A pro-inflammatory diet increases the likelihood of obesity and overweight in adolescent boys: a case–control study

An empirical investigation of the impact of smoking on body weight using an endogenous treatment effects model approach: the role of food consumption patterns

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