Dietary exposure estimates of 30 elements from the UK Total Diet Study

Ysart, Gillian; Miller, Patrick F.; Crews, Helen M.; Robb, Paul; Baxter, Malcolm; C, De L'Argy; Lofthouse, S; Sargent, C; Harrison, N

doi:10.1080/026520399283876

Cited by 257 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(33.5 % of TWI), in accordance with the established PTWI percentages for total diet studies (1.6-36 %, Lee et al, 2006;Nasreddine et al, 2006;Larsen et al, 2002;Ysart et al, 1999;Urieta, Jalon, & Eguileor, 1996;Becker, & Kumpulainen, 1991) which considered that the largest source of mercury contamination lies in fish and shellfish.…”

Section: Estimated Dietary Intake Of Mercury and Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 93%

Survey of total mercury and arsenic content in infant cereals marketed in Spain and estimated dietary intake

Hernández-Martínez

Navarro-Blasco

2013

Food Control

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Abstract:Due to the fact that infants and children are especially sensitive to mercury and arsenic exposure, predominantly through diet, a strict control of the most widely consumed infant foods, especially infant cereals, is of paramount importance. Levels of both total mercury and arsenic in 91 different infant cereals from ten different manufacturers in Spain were determined by flow injection adapted to cold vapor and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Cereals were assessed in terms of the different types, the predominating cereal in the formulation, the added ingredients, and whether the cereal was organically or conventionally obtained. In general, the content of toxic elements (median (Q 1 ;Q 3 )) found in infant cereals based on conventionally obtained raw materials (n=74, Hg: 2.11 (0.42;4.58), As: 21.0 (9.4;50.9) µg·Kg ). Mercury content in infant cereals shows the higher values in those formulations with ingredients susceptible to particulate contamination such as gluten-free or cacao-based cereals. The highest arsenic content appears in the rice-based cereals. The mercury and the inorganic arsenic dietary intakes for infants fed on the infant cereals studied were assessed, taking into account the different stages of growth. Organic infant cereals based on cocoa showed the highest risk intakes of mercury, very close to exceeding the intake reference. Just the opposite, 95% of the organically produced infant cereals and 70% of the conventional gluten-free infant cereals showed an inadmissible risk of arsenic intake. Thus, it seems prudent to call for continued efforts in standardizing routine quality control and in reducing arsenic levels in infant cereals; in addition it is essential that relevant legislation be established and regulated by EC regarding these two toxic elements.

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Section: Estimated Dietary Intake Of Mercury and Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 93%

Survey of total mercury and arsenic content in infant cereals marketed in Spain and estimated dietary intake

Hernández-Martínez

Navarro-Blasco

2013

Food Control

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“…Considering the high number of celiac, these information are urgently required so that the daily dietary element intakes in the celiac population can be estimated from available food consumption data. While element intake levels for non-celiac people are documented [12][13][14][15] there is as yet no information available for celiac ones. Also, this study wants to investigate if any toxic elements could be found in the gluten-free foods and the daily intake from diets composed according to reference intake levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of trace elements in gluten-free food for celiac people by ICP-MS

Orecchio

Amorello

Raso

et al. 2014

Microchemical Journal

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This paper is the first analytical approach to the study of twenty heavy metals in the gluten-free foods for celiac people. Only the ICP-MS technique was used. One of the advantages about the use of ICP-MS for this characterization is the high sensitivity that improved the limits of quantification levels for some elements that are present at low quantities in some samples.The concentration values of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V and Zn in seventeen glutenfree food samples are reported. The highest arsenic and molybdenum levels were measured in Rice noodle from China (0.088 and 0.47 mg kg −1 , respectively). The highest concentrations of some metals (Cu, Ba, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sr and V) were found in bread and breadstick samples produced in different bakeries located at Palermo. To examine the overall heavy metal concentrations in all gluten-free samples analyzed, metal pollution index (MPI) was calculated. Gluten-free foods analyzed contain levels of trace elements under the limits tolerated by the law. Considering the average concentrations of some trace elements found in the present study, it can be concluded that they are inadequate if compared with the recommended daily intake by international organisms, providing from 1.1 to 53% of the RDI for the essential metals. These conclusions are in good agreement to some authors affirming that commercial gluten-free cereal foods, made of refined flours or starches, are of lower nutritional value compared to their wheat counterparts. The metal pollution index and health risk index of heavy metals also suggest that Cd, Pb and Ni contamination in most of the test gluten-free food had potential for human health risk due to consumption of food at contaminated not industrial laboratory. Considering our data, health risk index was lower than 1 for all the samples except nickel in a sample of pasta.

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“…Fish contains the highest level of Se, although other foods also contain Se (Ysart et al, 1999;Leblanc et al, 2005). In this study, the correlations between As and Hg and As and Se are relatively robust, whereas the correlation between Hg and Se is much weaker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Fish and shellfish are also the major sources of As from food (Ysart et al, 1999;Leblanc et al, 2005). Fish contains the highest level of Se, although other foods also contain Se (Ysart et al, 1999;Leblanc et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1–6 years old

Rice

Lincoln

Martha

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Blood lead concentrations are higher in young children than in other age groups, whereas little is known regarding concentrations of other metals in young children. We measured the concentrations of a suite of metals in the blood of children 1-6 years of age, and assessed potential differences by age, season, or region of Maine. We used blood submitted to the Maine State Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory for blood lead analysis to determine the concentrations of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), and uranium (U) in 1350 children 1-6 years of age. The essential metals Mn and Se were detected in all samples, and As and Sb were detected in 490% of samples. Hg was detected in approximately 60% of samples. U and Cd were less often detected in blood samples, at approximately 30% and 10% of samples, respectively. Sn was not detected in any sample. Concentrations of As, Hg, and Se increased with age, whereas Sb decreased with age. Concentrations also varied by season and region for some though not all metals. Significant pairwise correlations were observed for a number of metals. Blood is a reasonable compartment for measurement of most of these metals in young children. The use of convenience samples provided a cost-effective mechanism for assessing exposure of young children in Maine.

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Dietary exposure estimates of 30 elements from the UK Total Diet Study

Cited by 257 publications

References 14 publications

Survey of total mercury and arsenic content in infant cereals marketed in Spain and estimated dietary intake

Survey of total mercury and arsenic content in infant cereals marketed in Spain and estimated dietary intake

Determination of trace elements in gluten-free food for celiac people by ICP-MS

Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1–6 years old

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