Dietary factors relate to cardiovascular risk factors in early life. Bogalusa Heart Study.

Abstract

Relationships between diet and cardiovascular disease risk factors were studied in a cohort of infants in Bogalusa, Louisiana. The 24-hour dietary recalls and cardiovascular measurements were obtained on each child at age 6 months, yearly through age 4, and again at age 7 (cardiovascular measurements only). At ages 4 and 7, children with persistently high intakes of dietary cholesterol (three or more measurements in the upper tertile) had levels of serum total cholesterol approximately 14 mg/dl higher than children whose intakes of cholesterol were not persistently high. Children in the upper tertile for dietary cholesterol had levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (15 mg/dl at age 4 and 18 mg/dl at age 7) higher than children in the lower tertile for dietary cholesterol. Children with high intakes of animal fat were 2 to 6 kg heavier (p less than 0.05) than those with lower intakes. Changes in dietary cholesterol correlated significantly with changes in serum total cholesterol (r = 0.42) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.50) from 6 months to 4 years of age. Changes in subscapular skinfold measurements correlated significantly with changes in intake of total protein (r = 0.31), total fat (r = 0.25), starch (r = 0.31), and energy (r = 0.39) from ages 6 months to 4 years. Results indicate that tracking of dietary components and their relationships with cardiovascular disease risk factors can be detected at an early age. These findings may well be the groundwork for later studies of obesity and the early onset of hyperlipoproteinemia.

Nutritional survey on the serum status of lipid, protein, and calcium levels in Nepalese.

“…RI levels were about the same for males and females in childhood but tended to be lower for males above 15 years of age. RI levels in the present study were lower than those for American children (15.4-15.9, 4 years; and 13.1-13.8, 7 years) [6]. BMI increased regularly for both sexes from 13.5 and 13.2 for the 1-4-year age group to 22.2 and 23.5 for the age group above 50 years, and there was no sex differences ( Table 1).…”

Dietary fat and fat types as early determinants of childhood obesity: a reappraisal

“…Based on limited studies in animals, infants, children and adults, a reasonable ratio of total n-6/n-3 or LA/ALA varying between 5:1 and 10:1 is now globally recommended for all age groups. (1987)(1988)(1989) 32 Observational Infant/children diet USA 57 Prospective 3 months-2 years 78 Weight, skinfolds, fat mass 0 USA 58 Prospective 0-2 years 76 Weight and weight gain, skinfolds, fat mass and fat mass gain + (weight gain) 0 (fat mass gain) Italy (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996) 59 Prospective 0-5 years 147 BMI 0 UK, ALSPAC study (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996) 60 Longitudinal 0-5 years 889 BMI, age of adiposity rebound 0 USA, Bogulasa Heart Study 61 Observational 0-7 years 50 (125) Weight, skinfolds 0 Australia, Adelaide Nutrition Study 62 Retrospective 3 months-9 years 140 Weight, skinfolds 0 France (1985-1995) 63 Observational 10 months-8 years 112 BMI, skinfolds, adiposity rebound 0…”

Spanish children's diet: compliance with nutrient and food intake guidelines

“…Specifically, diets with a relatively high fruit and vegetable intake component are associated with a lower risk of mortality (Huijbregts et al, 1997) and of suffering cancer (Cummings & Bingham, 1998) or cardiovascular disease (Kant et al, 2000). Moreover, there is recent evidence to show that consumption patterns in childhood tend to be associated with subsequent risk of developing some types of cancer (Hansson et al, 1994), obesity (Lichtenstein et al, 1998), arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adult life (Nicklas et al, 1988).…”