Dietary Fiber and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Pereira, Mark A.; O’Reilly, Éilis J.; Augustsson, Katarina; Fraser, Gary E.; Goldbourt, Uri; Heitmann, Berit Lilienthal; Hallmans, Göran; Knekt, Paul; Liu, Simin; Pietinen, Pirjo; Spiegelman, Donna; Stevens, June; Virtamo, Jarmo; Willett, Walter C.; Ascherio, Alberto

doi:10.1001/archinte.164.4.370

Cited by 551 publications

(379 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The absence of an association between FFQ-measured fibre and CHD risk among men was somewhat unexpected, given the inverse associations detected in previous cohort studies (Pietinen et al, 1996;Rimm et al, 1996;Todd et al, 1999;Wolk et al, 1999). Furthermore, in a pooled analysis, 11 out of the 16 cohort studies used FFQs, and the inverse effect size was similar for men and women (Pereira et al, 2004). However, within the pooled analysis, only a single study reported a significant, inverse association using an FFQ after adjustment for multiple covariates .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Fibre intake in relation to serum total cholesterol levels and CHD risk: a comparison of dietary assessment methods

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Prospective diet diaries may be more accurate than retrospective food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). The objective of this study was to compare FFQ and 7-day diet diary (7DD) measurements of fibre intake with the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Subjects/Methods: We compared 7DD and FFQ fibre intake in a nested case-control study in a population of 25 639 men and women aged 40-79 years, surveyed in 1993-97 and followed up until 2007. Among 2151 CHD cases and 5354 controls, FFQ and 7DD fibre intake (6 g/day) was examined in relation to serum total cholesterol and CHD using linear and logistic regression adjusted for age and additionally for body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, family history of CHD, social class, diabetes, alcohol, energy, saturated fat and use of lipid lowering medication, antihypertensive medication or aspirin. Results: Age-adjusted serum total cholesterol was inversely associated with 7DD fibre among men and women, but with FFQ fibre among men only. In the multivariate analysis, associations with 7DD fibre were attenuated among men (regression coefficient À0.036 mmol/l, s.e. 0.021, P-value 0.087) and women (regression coefficient À0.069 mmol/l, s.e. 0.036, P-value 0.053), and were non-significant for FFQ fibre. Among men, age-adjusted CHD risk was inversely associated with 7DD fibre (odds ratio (OR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.90), but not with FFQ fibre (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90-1.12). Among women, age-adjusted CHD risk was inversely associated with 7DD fibre (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.93), and had a weaker inverse borderline-significant association with FFQ fibre (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-1.01). Multivariate models yielded similar results. Conclusions: Inconsistencies in diet-CHD relationships in population studies may be associated with the use of different dietary assessment methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Fibre intake in relation to serum total cholesterol levels and CHD risk: a comparison of dietary assessment methods

et al. 2011

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“…Thus, by way of mediating pathways (insulin resistance, lipids and systemic inflammation), low DF intake might be associated with a higher cardiovascular risk. A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies found that a higher DF intake was inversely associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (Pereira et al, 2004). Other cohort studies have also reported lower incident coronary heart disease among participants with higher DF intakes (Todd et al, 1999;Bazzano et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary fibre intake is inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness: a cross-sectional assessment in the PREDIMED study

et al. 2009

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Objective: To assess the association between the intake of dietary fibre and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: Baseline cross-sectional assessment of 457 men and women (average age 67 years) from two different Spanish centres of the PREDIMED trial. A previously validated food frequency questionnaire (137 food items) was administered by trained dieticians in a face-to-face interview. Mean common carotid IMT was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging of the right and left carotid arteries by four certified sonographers who used a common protocol. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed and samples of fasting blood were obtained. Participants were categorized into four groups (roughly quartiles: p21; 421 to p25; 425 to p31 and 431 g/day) of energy-adjusted intake of dietary fibre. Multiple linear regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, centre, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, blood pressure, lipid levels and statin use. Results: In the crude analyses, energy-adjusted fibre intake showed a significant inverse correlation with IMT (r ¼ À0.27, Po0.001). In multivariate analyses, a modest, though statistically significant (P ¼ 0.03) inverse association between energyadjusted fibre intake and IMT was also found. The multivariate-adjusted difference in average IMT was À0.051 mm (95% confidence interval: À0.094 toÀ0.009, P ¼ 0.02) for participants whose intake was 435 g/day, (n ¼ 47) when compared with those whose intake was o25 g/day (n ¼ 224). Conclusions: Our results suggest that high fibre intake is inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis.

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“…The grain fiber as a single component has also been associated with significant risk reduction. For example, pooled analyses of 10 cohort studies reported a 10% reduced risk of cardiovascular disease with every 10 g/day increment in intake of cereal fiber (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HEALTHGRAIN Cereal Diversity Screen: Concept, Results, and Prospects

Ward

Poutanen²,

Gebruers³

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

218

210

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One hundred and fifty bread wheat lines and 50 other lines of small-grain cereals (spelt, durum wheat, Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum, oats, rye, and barley) were selected for diversity in their geographical origin, age, and characteristics. They were grown on a single site in Hungary in [2004][2005], harvested, milled, and analyzed for a range of phytochemicals (tocols, sterols, phenolic acids, folates, alkylresorcinols) and fiber components that are considered to have health benefits. Detailed analyses of these components in the different species are reported in a series of accompanying papers. The present paper discusses the comparative levels of the bioactive components in the different species, showing differences in both ranges and mean amounts. Furthermore, detailed comparisons of the bread wheat lines show that it is possible to identify lines in which high levels of phytochemicals and dietary fiber components are combined with good yield and processing quality. This means that commercially competitive lines with high levels of bioactive components are a realistic goal for plant breeders.

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Dietary Fiber and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Cited by 551 publications

References 40 publications

Fibre intake in relation to serum total cholesterol levels and CHD risk: a comparison of dietary assessment methods

Fibre intake in relation to serum total cholesterol levels and CHD risk: a comparison of dietary assessment methods

Dietary fibre intake is inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness: a cross-sectional assessment in the PREDIMED study

The HEALTHGRAIN Cereal Diversity Screen: Concept, Results, and Prospects

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