Dietary Fibers and Intestinal Absorption of Lipids

Dietary fiber and cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in axenic (germfree) and holoxenic (conventional) rats. — III. Effect of non-sterilized pectin

“…In this experiment, we observed most of the usual effects of pectin seen in conventional rats (Vahouny, 1982) and absent in the previous experiment (Sacquet, Leprince and Riottot, 1982b). Therefore, we assume that gamma irradiation at 40 KGray was probably responsible for nullifying the properties of the pectin.…”

“…GF and CV rats differ as to the morphology of the intestinal mucosa (Meslin, Sacquet and Guenet, 1973), the abundance of mucus-producing glands (Heneghan, 1978), rate of intestinal epithelium renewal (Meslin, Sacquet and Riottot, 19811, rate of intestinal transit (Sacquet, Garnier and Raibaud, 1970), amount of bile acids present in the intestine (particularly in the small intestine ; and their intestinal absorption and secretion in the bile duct , dietary lipid digestibility (Demarne et al, 1970) and insulinemia (Sewell et al, 1976). However, these physiological characteristics would be involved in the action of pectin on the metabolism of cholesterol, bile acids and other lipids in CV rats (Vahouny, 1982 (Demarne et al, 19741. The high amount of bile salts present in GF rats would allow the cholesterol to continue to be normally absorbed, esterified and incorporated into the chylomicrons and lipoproteins, and thus the overall metabolism would not be modified.…”

“…The involvement of digestive tract microbial flora in the effects of pectin has not been elucidated, and the notion was rejected by Vahouny (1982) who did not observe any changes in the effect of pectin on cholesterol level in the plasma and liver when conventional rats received 1 % of succinylsulfathiazole. In a previous study (Sacquet, Leprince and Riottot, 1982b) to elucidate the role of microbial flora, we compared the effects of pectin in germfree (GF) We used male Fischer rats of strain 344.…”

Dietary Fibre and Plasma Lipids: Potential for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidaemias

“…Pectin still lowers plasma cholesterol in germ-free mice (Komai and Kimura, 1987) and in rats given oral succinylsulphathiazole to inhibit colonic bacteria (Leveille and Sauberlich, 1966;Vahouny, 1982). It is ineffective when administered intra-caecally in minipigs (Ahrens et aI., 1986).…”

Dosage and duration dependence of the effects of cellulose intake on glucose, lipid and insulin metabolism

“…The result is that there are few scientific bases for rating the metabolic potency of fibers from their chemical and physical properties and for making specific or quantittive recommendations about fiber intake to people. Classified as an insoluble fiber component, cellulose has been shown (Chen and Anderson, 1979;Vahouny, 1982) to have little micellar lipid binding affinity and hence is categorized as non-hypolipidemic. In the present study, a stepwise increase in dietary cellulose from 5% to 30% resulted in a corresponding decrease in a short-term (4 wk) and a long-term (8 wk) plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol as well as in 8 wk plasma insulin.…”