Dietary fish oil n−3 fatty acids increase regulatory cytokine production and exert anti‐inflammatory effects in two murine models of inflammation

Abstract

The higher incidence of inflammatory diseases in Western countries might be related, in part, to a high consumption of saturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and an insufficient intake of n-3 fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on innate and specific immune response and their anti-inflammatory action in models of contact and atopic dermatitis. Balb/C mice were fed for 3 wk either n-6 or n-3 PUFA-fortified diets. After inducing a contact or an atopic dermatitis, immunological parameters were analyzed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of these n-3 PUFA. n-3 PUFA reduced innate and specific immune responses through inhibition of TH1 and TH2 responses, increase of immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-10, and regulation of gene expression. The inhibition of both kinds of responses was confirmed by the anti-inflammatory effect observed in contact and atopic dermatitis. Reduction in weight, edema, thickness, leukocyte infiltration, and enhancement of antioxidant defenses in the inflamed ears of mice from both models along with the prevention of delayed-type hypersensitivity induced in atopic dermatitis proved n-3 PUFA efficacy. Our data suggest that dietary fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids have immunomodulatory effects and could be useful in inflammatory disorders.

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are consumed during allergic inflammation and affect T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-mediated hypersensitivity differently

“…As this effect could be accounted for readily by lower prevalence and/or functional activity of Th1 memory cells, we have no evidence for any non-specific anti-inflammatory effect of fish oil in this model. However, the radically reduced antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and accompanying cytokine production in the fish oil-fed group confirm previous findings that a fish oil diet exerts a strong immunomodulatory (anti-Th1) effect [17,21]. The reduced levels of cytokines in the sunflower oil-fed group versus controls suggest that unsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 series also suppress Th1 immunity.…”

10E,12Z-conjugated linoleic acid impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species

“…There is mounting evidence that 10E,12Z-CLA does not circulate at measurable levels in human plasma ( 52, 53 ) but accumulates over time within adipose tissue ( 54,55 ). Therefore, the chosen dose of 250 M is within the range expected others suggests that the majority of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are anti-infl ammatory ( 27,62 ), likely due to their ability to serve as PPAR ␥ ligands ( 63 ). Interestingly, Ppar ␦ gene expression is increased in response to 10E,12Z-CLA, suggesting a highly novel alternative pathway by which this fatty acid induces PPAR-dependent infl ammation.…”

Modulatory Effect of an Isolated Triglyceride from Fenugreek Seed Oil on of α-Amylase, Lipase and ACE Activities, Liver-Kidney Functions and Metabolic Disorders of Diabetic Rats

“…Oleic acid effectively decreased low density lipopreotein cholesterol level and protected LDL particles from oxidation in vivo as well as reducing adipocyte expression which are involved in the reduction of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes 32,33 . Although the unsaturated fatty acids of the invention are not structurally similar to carbohydrates, their action on the enzyme also belongs to the competitive inhibition.…”