Dietary Fructose Intolerance, Fructan Intolerance and FODMAPs

Abstract

Dietary intolerances to fructose, fructans and FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides And Polyols) are common, yet poorly recognized and managed. Over the last decade, they have come to the forefront because of new knowledge on the mechanisms and treatment of these conditions. Patients with these problems often present with unexplained bloating, belching, distension, gas, abdominal pain or diarrhea. Here, we have examined the most up-to-date research on these food-related intolerances, discussed controversies, and have provided some guidelines for the dietary management of these conditions. Breath testing for carbohydrate intolerance appears to be standardized and essential for the diagnosis and management of these conditions, especially in the Western population. While current research shows that the FODMAP diet may be effective in treating irritable bowel syndrome, additional research is needed to identify more foods items that are high in FODMAPs, and to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of dietary interventions.

Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Systematic Review

“…59 A low FODMAP diet seemed beneficial in adult IBS trials, but due to heterogeneity in study design and outcomes and because of unknown long-term safety and efficacy, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. 60 Recently, a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial in 33 children with IBS reported improvement in abdominal pain after receiving a 48-hour low FODMAP diet. 61 Although these results seem promising, more longterm studies are needed to further assess the efficacy and safety of a low FODMAP diet in children and adolescents.…”

Gut-training: the impact of two weeks repetitive gut-challenge during exercise on gastrointestinal status, glucose availability, fuel kinetics, and running performance

“…Fructose malabsorption has been reported with ingestion above tolerance levels (Ebert andWitt 2016, Fedewa andRao 2014). However, the adjunct ingestion of glucose with fructose appears to lower the malabsorption rate in response to a fructose challenge in a resting state (Truswell et al 1988).…”

Carbohydrates Components of Some Italian Local Landraces: Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

“…These compounds are catching researchers' attention for their health-promoting effects, to the point that they are gradually being added to a wider variety of food products as fortification agents, and are being increasingly used as the main components in dietary supplements [28,41]. However, recent researches have emphasized that particular attention must be paid to consumers with problems of dietary intolerances to fructans and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) [42].…”