Gut-training: the impact of two weeks repetitive gut-challenge during exercise on gastrointestinal status, glucose availability, fuel kinetics, and running performance

Costa, Ricardo J. S.; Miall, A.; Khoo, Anthony; Rauch, Christopher E.; Camões-Costa, Vera; Gibson, Peter R.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0453

Cited by 116 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, serum I‐FABP concentrations in most of our samples were below the detection limit immediately and 24 h after exercise. While plasma I‐FABP level was increased in response to acute strenuous exercise in some studies (van Wijck et al ; van Wijck et al ; Costa et al ), others have reported that it was below the detection limit (Kanda et al ), as in this study. In addition, as mentioned above, no deleterious effect on the glucose transporter content in the small intestine was observed after the endurance exercise training (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of long‐term exercise training for different durations on pancreatic amylase activity and intestinal glucose transporter content in rats

et al. 2019

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Long‐term endurance training for a relatively short duration (~1 h) is reported to increase pancreatic amylase activity in rats, suggesting that chronic exercise training enhances carbohydrate digestive capacity. However, it remains unknown whether longer exercise training duration results in greater adaptation in the pancreas and small intestine. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of long‐term endurance training for a longer duration on pancreatic amylase activity and intestinal glucose transporter content in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to swimming exercise training for 1 h (Ex‐1h group) or 6 h (Ex‐6h group, two 3‐h sessions separated by 1 h of rest) each day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks. Sedentary rats were used as a control (Con group). Total pancreatic amylase activity in the Ex‐6h group was significantly lower than that in the Con and Ex‐1h groups immediately after the last training session. After 24 h of recovery, total pancreatic amylase activity was significantly higher in the Ex‐1h group (~46%) than in the Con group, and a further increase was observed in the Ex‐6h group (~98%). In addition, the Ex‐6h group, but not the Ex‐1h group, showed significantly greater intestinal sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) content compared with the Con group after 24 h of recovery. However, no significant difference was observed in glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) content among the three groups. In conclusion, chronic endurance exercise training for a longer duration results in larger increases in pancreatic amylase activity and intestinal SGLT1 content in rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of long‐term exercise training for different durations on pancreatic amylase activity and intestinal glucose transporter content in rats

et al. 2019

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“…The greatest exercise‐associated increase in plasma I‐FABP concentrations have been reported in response to vigorous endurance exercise protocols involving running and cycling, with the greatest concentration being observed when vigorous exercise was performed in hot ambient conditions (30°C) . A recent study, however, reported mean plasma I‐FABP concentrations of >1000 pg/mL, on two separate occasions, after 3 hours of prolonged strenuous exercise (ie, 2 hours of running at 60% VO 2max , followed by a 1 hour self‐paced running distance test) in thermoneutral conditions, suggesting exercise duration may be a key contributing factor to the magnitude of exercise‐associated intestinal epithelial injury. In contrast to the majority of studies, Sessions et al .…”

Section: Exercise and Intestinal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term, “exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome”, has recently been introduced to describe a complex array of normal physiological responses to exercise that perturbs and compromises gastrointestinal integrity and function . As shown in Figure , responses are driven down two primary pathways: (1) a circulatory‐gastrointestinal pathway involving redistribution of blood flow to working muscle and peripheral circulation, which aids skeletal muscle metabolism and thermoregulation, subsequently reducing total splanchnic perfusion; and (2) a neuroendocrine‐gastrointestinal pathway involving an increase in sympathetic activation, reducing overall gastrointestinal functional capacity .…”

Section: Exercise‐induced Gastrointestinal Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise is also associated with changes in gastrointestinal motility, with potential to slow gastric emptying and delay orocaecal transit, likely through exercise stimulated increases in sympathetic drive . Indeed, gastrointestinal symptoms, such as bloating, belching, urge to regurgitate and regurgitation, are commonly reported by individuals partaking in strenuous exercise, and these appear to be exacerbated if foods and fluids are consumed whilst exercising . There is also evidence that exercise impairs intestinal nutrient absorptive transport mechanisms leading to malabsorption .…”

Section: Exercise‐induced Gastrointestinal Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also evidence that exercise impairs intestinal nutrient absorptive transport mechanisms leading to malabsorption . Malabsorption of carbohydrates consumed during exercise is commonly seen after endurance running . It is, however, unclear if the mechanisms underlying impaired nutrient absorption are due to intestinal ischaemic injury, down‐regulated intestinal transporter activity, or a combination of both.…”

Section: Exercise‐induced Gastrointestinal Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review: exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome—implications for health and intestinal disease

Costa

Snipe

Kitic

et al. 2017

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

296

426

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Summary Background “Exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome” refers to disturbances of gastrointestinal integrity and function that are common features of strenuous exercise. Aim To systematically review the literature to establish the impact of acute exercise on markers of gastrointestinal integrity and function in healthy populations and those with chronic gastrointestinal conditions. Methods Search literature using five databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, SPORTSdiscus, and Ovid Medline) to review publications that focused on the impact of acute exercise on markers of gastrointestinal injury, permeability, endotoxaemia, motility and malabsorption in healthy populations and populations with gastrointestinal diseases/disorders. Results As exercise intensity and duration increases, there is considerable evidence for increases in indices of intestinal injury, permeability and endotoxaemia, together with impairment of gastric emptying, slowing of small intestinal transit and malabsorption. The addition of heat stress and running mode appears to exacerbate these markers of gastrointestinal disturbance. Exercise stress of ≥2 hours at 60% VO2max appears to be the threshold whereby significant gastrointestinal perturbations manifest, irrespective of fitness status. Gastrointestinal symptoms, referable to upper‐ and lower‐gastrointestinal tract, are common and a limiting factor in prolonged strenuous exercise. While there is evidence for health benefits of moderate exercise in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or functional gastrointestinal disorders, the safety of more strenuous exercise has not been established. Conclusions Strenuous exercise has a major reversible impact on gastrointestinal integrity and function of healthy populations. The safety and health implications of prolonged strenuous exercise in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases/disorders, while hypothetically worrying, has not been elucidated and requires further investigation.

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The effects of collagen peptides on exercise-induced gastrointestinal stress: a randomized, controlled trial

et al. 2022

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Purpose We examined the effects of collagen peptides (CP) supplementation on exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) stress. Methods In a randomized, crossover design, 20 volunteers (16 males: $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max, 53.4 ± 5.9 ml·kg−1) completed 3 trials: a non-exercise rest trial, with no supplement (REST) and then an exercise trial with CP (10 g·day−1) or placebo control (CON) supplements, which were consumed for 7 days prior to, and 45 min before, a 70 min run at 70–90% of $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max. Outcome measures included urinary lactulose and rhamnose (L/R), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti-LPS antibody, monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL) 6 and 8, cortisol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (measured pre, 10 min post and 2 h post) and subjective GI symptoms. Results There were no differences in heart rate, perceived exertion, thermal comfort, or core temperature during exercise in the CP and CON trials (all P > 0.05). I-FABP was higher in CP (2538 ± 1221 pg/ml) and CON (2541 ± 766 pg/ml) vs. REST 2 h post (1893 ± 1941 pg/ml) (both P < 0.05). LPS increased in CON vs. REST 2 h post (+ 71.8 pg/ml; P < 0.05). Anti-LPS antibody decreased in CON and CP vs. REST at post (both P < 0.05). There were no differences in MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 between the CP and CON trials (all P > 0.05), and no differences in L/R or GI symptoms between CON and CP (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Collagen peptides did not modify exercise-induced changes in inflammation, GI integrity or subjective GI symptoms but LPS was higher in CON 2 h post-exercise and thus future studies may be warranted.

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Gut-training: the impact of two weeks repetitive gut-challenge during exercise on gastrointestinal status, glucose availability, fuel kinetics, and running performance

Cited by 116 publications

References 60 publications

Effects of long‐term exercise training for different durations on pancreatic amylase activity and intestinal glucose transporter content in rats

Effects of long‐term exercise training for different durations on pancreatic amylase activity and intestinal glucose transporter content in rats

Systematic review: exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome—implications for health and intestinal disease

The effects of collagen peptides on exercise-induced gastrointestinal stress: a randomized, controlled trial

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