Dietary glutamine supplementation improves tissue antioxidant status and serum non-specific immunity of juvenile Hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ × Huso dauricus♂)

Abstract

Exogenous glutamine (Gln) was evaluated for its effect on antioxidation and serum non-specific immunity in juvenile Hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii $ · Huso dauricus #). Seven basal diets supplemented with 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5% of Gln and 1.0% alanyl-glutamine (Aln-Gln) were fed to fish (initial mean weight: 22.38 ± 0.18 g) for 8 weeks, and the experiment was conducted in triplicate. Treatment of fish supplemented with 1.2, 1.5% of Gln, or 1.0% of Aln-Gln caused a significantly higher glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione (GSH) content, and lower serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P < 0.05) in serum, hepatopancreas and muscles. The addition of 0.9% Gln significantly improved the serum complement-3 (C3) and complement-4 (C4) levels (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that diet supplementation with 0.9-1.2% Gln or 1.0% of Aln-Gln may enhance the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the serum non-specific immunity of juvenile Hybrid sturgeon.

Dietary glutamine supplementation effects on amino acid metabolism, intestinal nutrient absorption capacity and antioxidant response of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

“…In fish, evidences exist of a positive effect of dietary Gln and glutamate supplementation to the glutathione content of different tissues as result of the increased glutamate provision for glutathione biosynthesis (Zhu et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2015). In the present study, increased total glutathione (tGSH) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were also observed in both liver and intestine of fish fed Gln supplemented …”

“…This may indicate that instead of being used to fulfil fish energy demand additional glutamine was funnelled towards other physiological purposes. For instance, it was already reported that dietary Gln supplementation increased digestive enzyme activities in Jian carp (Yan and Qiu-Zhou, 2006); increased enterocytes migration in channel catfish (Pohlenz et al, 2012a); enhanced the enteric microstructure in Jian carp (Yan and Qiu-Zhou, 2006), red drum (Cheng et al, 2011), hybrid sturgeon (Zhu et al, 2011) and channel catfish (Pohlenz et al, 2012a); improved antioxidant defence system in hybrid sturgeon (Qiyou et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2011) and in isolated enterocytes of Jian carp (Chen et al, 2009); enhanced the innate immune system of red drum (Cheng et al, 2012), hybrid sturgeon (Zhu et al, 2011) and hybrid striped bass (Cheng et al, 2012); and improved both innate and adaptive immune responses in channel catfish (Pohlenz et al, 2012b(Pohlenz et al, , 2012c.…”

“…Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were reported to increase with dietary Gln supplementation in hybrid sturgeon (Zhu et al, 2011) and Jian carp enterocytes . Further, in Jian carp enterocytes cultures challenged with H 2 O 2 , the supplementation with Gln restored (Hu et al, 2014) or maintained (Chen et al, 2009) SOD and GPX activities.…”

Interactive effects of dietary taurine and glutamine on growth performance, blood parameters and oxidative status of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

“…Both taurine and glutamine play important roles in growth performance, feed utilization and anti-oxidation status of fish (Cheng et al, 2012;Li et al, 2009;Zhu et al, 2011), where both of them are also considered as conditional indispensable amino acid for animals (Lacey and Wilmore, 1990;Li et al, 2009). The functionally related status of the two amino acids indicates an interactive relationship between them.…”

“…Both amino acids are considered as conditionally indispensable amino acids (Lacey and Wilmore, 1990;Li et al, 2009;Wu, 2009), which play important roles in promoting growth, feed utilization, and anti-oxidation and stimulating immune status, especially the intestinal development and structure of fish larvae (Cheng et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2008;Lin and Xiao, 2006;Zhu et al, 2011). Therefore, the interactive effects of these two amino acids in fish diets are still unrevealed.…”