Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan public health center-based prospective study

Abstract

BackgroundJapanese diets contain a relatively high amount of carbohydrates, and its high dietary glycemic index and glycemic load may raise the risk of diabetes in the Japanese population. The current study evaluated the associations between the dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a population based cohort in Japan.MethodsWe observed 27,769 men and 36,864 women (45–75 y) who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. The dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were estimated using a food-frequency questionnaire. The development of diabetes was reported in a questionnaire administered five years later, and the associations were analyzed using logistic regression after controlling for age, area, total energy intake, smoking status, family history of diabetes, physical activity, hypertension, BMI, alcohol intake, magnesium, calcium, dietary fiber and coffee intake, and occupation.ResultsThe dietary glycemic load was positively associated with the risk of diabetes among women: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio comparing the highest vs. the lowest quartile was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.13-2.04; P-trend = 0.01). The association was implied to be stronger among women with BMI < 25 than the women with BMI ≥ 25. The dietary glycemic index was positively associated with the risk of diabetes among men with a high intake of total fat: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio comparing the highest vs. the lowest quartile was 1.46 (95% CI, 0.94-2.28; P-trend = 0.04). Among women with a high total fat intake, those in the first and second quartiles of the dietary glycemic index had a significant reduced risk of diabetes, compared with those in the first quartile who had a lower total fat level (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 0.59 with 95% CI, 0.37-0.94, and odds ratio = 0.63 with 95% CI, 0.40-0.998 respectively).ConclusionsThe population-based cohort study in Japan indicated that diets with a high dietary glycemic load increase the risk of type 2 diabetes among women. Total fat intake may modify the association between the dietary glycemic index and the risk of type 2 diabetes among men and women.

Splice Variant Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease

“…For example, the Nurses Health Study and Health Professionals Followup Study reported a non-significant direct association in women and inverse association in men for carbohydrate consumption and PD risk . In contrast, other studies have shown a positive association for total carbohydrate consumption and PD (Hellenbrand et al, 1996a;Abbott et al, 2003).High carbohydrate diets are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (Salmeron et al, 1997a,b;Oba et al, 2013). Interestingly, numerous epidemiological studies indicate T2DM is associated with an increased risk of PD Cereda et al, 2013) but the evidence presented is conflictive (Simon et al, 2007;Palacios et al, 2011;Noyce et al, 2012).…”

“…High carbohydrate diets are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (Salmeron et al, 1997a,b;Oba et al, 2013). Interestingly, numerous epidemiological studies indicate T2DM is associated with an increased risk of PD Cereda et al, 2013) but the evidence presented is conflictive (Simon et al, 2007;Palacios et al, 2011;Noyce et al, 2012).…”

“…In this regard, emerging research is beginning to elucidate the molecular networks and potential mechanisms implicated in both diseases Mattson, 2014;. Since carbohydrates are an important part of people's diets and its high consumption may increase risk for T2DM (Salmeron et al, 1997a,b;Oba et al, 2013) further research on the amount and type of dietary carbohydrates consumed in relationship to the risk of PD would be very beneficial. …”

Rol De La Stevia Y L-Carnitina Sobre El Impacto Glicémico De Un Suplemento Nutricional en Adultos

“…Diversos estudios han informado que los alimentos con elevados valores de IG y CG se han relacionado con un mayor riesgo de diabetes (11,12), pero otros reportes no han confirmado estos resultados. Como estrategia para ayudar a mantener la euglicemia en el diabético, existen suplementos nutricionales específicos para diabetes utilizados como sustitutos calóricos nutritivos en individuos normopesos, con sobrepeso u obesos; o suplementos para desnutridos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) (13).…”

Asociación entre nutrientes y hemoglobina glicosilada en diabéticos tipo 2

“…Sin embargo, el consumo de grasas y proteínas no ha mostrado ninguna asociación (6,7). Otros estudios muestran que es la ingesta de CHO de alto índice glicémico la que incrementa el riesgo de DM2 (8).…”