Dietary habits, anthropometric and metabolic profile of adolescents born prematurely

Abstract

Introduction: Prematurity may be related to the early onset of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescence. Breastfeeding and feeding are crucial factors in the genesis of cardio metabolic risk.
 Objective: To analyze the relationship between the type of breastfeeding and eating habits with the blood pressure, lipid, glycemic and anthropometric profile of adolescents born prematurely.
 Methods: Cross-sectional study with 50 adolescents born prematurely in western Paraná, Brazil, aged 10 to 19 years. Data on birth, breastfeeding and feeding were evaluated using the 24-hour Food Consumption Marker. Weight, height, abdominal circumference (AC), blood pressure (BP) were verified; concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured by capillary puncture. Data analysis using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.
 Results: Out of total, 78% eat in front of screens and 52% do not take the main meals during the day. Regardless of the amount of meals a day, the lipid, glycemic and AC profiles did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups. There is a statistically significant association between BP and number of meals (p = 0.01), TC and breastfeeding (p = 0.03) and TG with consumption of sausages (p = 0.02) and products rich in carbohydrates (p = 0.01). Most of them (72%) consumed cow’s milk before completing one year and only 30% received exclusive breastfeeding until the age of six months. Related other values, 30% had high BP, 22% and 41% high TC and TG, respectively. Of the 30% overweight, 60% had high BP, 53% high TG, 33% high TC and 33% percentile AC ?90.
 Conclusion: Breastfeeding did not influence the metabolic profile, but it was evidenced as risk factors for adolescents to develop future cardiovascular problems due to prematurity, inadequate eating habits, overweight, abdominal circumference, and alterations in both blood pressure and lipid profile.

Impacto do estado nutricional materno sobre o peso ao nascer de prematuros

“…A nutrição intrauterina é um momento de risco para a programação metabólica do feto, de modo que, quando inadequada, pode acarretar repercussões na infância, como obesidade infantil e síndrome metabólica, fortemente associada ao aumento da morbimortalidade na idade adulta 25,26 .…”

Perfil metabólico y recomendaciones de entrenamiento físico posterior al confinamiento del COVID-19 en estudiantes de formación de la actividad física y deporte

“…Para Navarrete et al, (2015) el perfil metabólico se determina por el comportamiento de parámetros clínicos y de composición corporal, así como el análisis de la frecuencia de actividad física y hábitos de vida saludable. Existen diferentes métodos para la evaluación del perfil metabólico, basado en la determinación de la alerta metabólica temprana (Chamorro et al, 2018), otros en base a la asociación del índice de masa corporal y relación cintura/estatura con la presión arterial (Diaz & Development, 2021), análisis antropométricos López et al (2020), análisis de pliegues cutáneos, perímetros corporales incluido el perímetro del cuello (Pedreros et al, 2018), métodos de bioempedancia (Dopsaj et al, 2021), entre otros.…”

Decision making in adolescents: a multifaceted construct

“…This study shows evidence for changes in the lipid profile in this study population 21 . This edition, also presents a longitudinal study on the nutritional status of schoolchildren in a public school system 22 . In this same line, it presents the profile of food and metabolic and anthropometric measures in adolescents who were born prematurely 23 .…”