Dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC) of Anatolia: A multi-isotopic approach

Irvine, Benjamin; Erdal, Yılmaz Selim; Richards, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.01.015

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, because the Zn/Ca ratio is greater than 0.5, Özdemir and Erdal (2012) asserted that meat is more prominent than plant sources in the diet of the _ Ikiztepe people. This is also supported by the stable isotope data, with _ Ikiztepe having the highest mean value of δ 15 N (8.9‰ ± 0.5‰) of the sample groups (Irvine et al, 2019). Indeed, during the prehistoric period of occupation, the site would have been located alongside the estuary of the Kızılırmak, on the coast of the Black Sea, and also in an area of dense forest and vegetation.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Versus Protein Intakesupporting

confidence: 67%

“…However, the overall homogeneity in dietary habits for the Anatolian EBA populations, as suggested by Irvine et al (2019) is not mirrored when examining the frequency of caries. Although the sample populations might have consumed mainly C 3 -based foods, significant differences between them may indicate that there is an interpopulation difference in the amount they consumed.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Versus Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this regard, it may be suggested that all of the sample populations consumed mostly cariogenic foods containing cereals and, therefore, carbohydrates. Indeed, studying the nutritional models via stable isotope analyses on the same skeleton series, Irvine et al (2019) suggest that all populations consumed predominantly terrestrial C 3 -based foods.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Versus Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been claimed that this standardization is valid not only for the architectural or cultural structure of the settlements but also for the dietary habits of this period (Irvine et al, 2019). Utilizing stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur from human and animal bone collagen, Irvine et al (2019) examined the nutritional models of the fourth to third millennia _ Ikiztepe, Bakla Tepe, and Titris ¸Höyük populations. The results of this study determined that the dietary habits in the EBA were predominantly mixed (i.e., animal and plant protein) and terrestrial C 3 based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reconstruction of dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age of Anatolia through the analysis of dental caries and wear

Koruyucu

Erdal

2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies have shown that there is a direct and strong relationship between dental pathology, dietary habits, and subsistence economies. Dental caries, the most frequently used bioanthropological data source for determining the dietary habits of past people, provides considerable information about the types of foods predominantly consumed. On the other hand, analyzing dental wear provides an insight into food preparation techniques. In this study, the dental caries and wear on the dentition of individuals from _ Ikiztepe, Bakla Tepe, and Titris ¸Höyük, dated to the Late Chalcolithic (3500-3000 BC) and the Early Bronze Age (3100-2000 BC), were analyzed to examine potential differences in their dietary habits. The highest caries frequency was observed at Bakla Tepe (10%), followed by _ Ikiztepe with 6.8% and then Titris ¸Höyük with 4.2%. Stable isotope analyses previously carried out on the same populations suggest a homogenous, predominantly terrestrial C 3 -based mixed diet.However, statistically significant differences in caries frequencies and caries surface and depth scores suggest that there are interpopulation differences regarding the amount of carbohydrate and protein in their diet. The dental wear of all populations can be considered as slight, which indicates the consumption of well-processed, soft, and fine-grained foods. However, _ Ikiztepe, with the highest mean value of dental wear (x ¯: 3.14), is an exception within the sample populations (Bakla Tepe: 2.93; Titris Ḩöyük:2.85) examined in this study. Differences in the economic and ecological characteristics of these settlements were effective in explaining the differences observed in dental caries and wear. Although C 3 -based foods were common for all of the populations, the relative amount they were consumed is likely different for each sample population, suggesting heterogeneity within and between populations with regard to consumed resources.

show abstract

Section: Carbohydrate Versus Protein Intakesupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Carbohydrate Versus Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Carbohydrate Versus Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reconstruction of dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age of Anatolia through the analysis of dental caries and wear

Koruyucu

Erdal

2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dietary patterns and subsistence practices of prehistoric populations have long been inferred from cultural and archaeological remains 33 – 35 , but these studies are now most often being complemented by a variety of bioarchaeological and molecular approaches 7 , 8 , 36 – 41 . Dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have been largely used to infer dietary practices in Holocene populations 36 , 37 , 42 – 47 . Dental microwear studies on buccal and occlusal surfaces of teeth provide insight into the physical properties of the food ingested by humans and other animals by yielding information about the abrasiveness of the food coupled with how these foods were processed prior to consumption 48 – 53 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating buccal and occlusal dental microwear with isotope analyses for a complete paleodietary reconstruction of Holocene populations from Hungary

Hernando

Gamarra

McCall

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient human populations, but it may also serve as a proxy to characterise their diverse cultural and technological manifestations. Dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have been shown to be successful techniques for paleodietary reconstruction of ancient populations but, despite yielding complementary dietary information, these techniques have rarely been combined within the same study. Here we present for the first time a comprehensive approach to interpreting ancient lifeways through the results of buccal and occlusal microwear, and δ13C and δ15N isotope analyses applied to the same individuals of prehistoric populations of Hungary from the Middle Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age periods. This study aimed to (a) assess if the combination of techniques yields a more precise assessment of past dietary and subsistence practices, and (b) contribute to our understanding of the dietary patterns of the prehistoric Hungarian populations. Overall, no correlations between microwear and δ13C and δ15N isotope variables were observed, except for a relationship between nitrogen and the vertical and horizontal index. However, we found that diachronic differences are influenced by the variation within the period. Particularly, we found differences in microwear and isotope variables between Middle Neolithic sites, indicating that there were different dietary practices among those populations. Additionally, microwear results suggest no changes in the abrasiveness of the diet, neither food processing methods, despite higher C4 plant resource consumption shown by carbon isotopic signal. Thus, we demonstrate that the integration of dental microwear and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope methodologies can provide complementary information for making inferences about paleodietary habits.

show abstract

Toward a bioarchaeology of urbanization: Demography, health, and behavior in cities in the past

Betsinger

DeWitte

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urbanization is one of the most important settlement shifts in human history and has been the focus of research within bioarchaeology for decades. However, there have been limited attempts to synthesize the results of these studies in order to gain a broader perspective on whether or how urbanization affects the biology, demography, and behavior of humans, and how these potential effects are embodied in the human skeleton. This paper outlines how bioarchaeology is well-suited to examine urbanization in the past, and we provide an overview and examples of three main ways in which urbanization is studied in bioarchaeological research: comparison of (often contemporaneous) urban and rural sites, synchronic studies of the variation that exists within and between urban sites, and investigations of changes that occur within urban sites over time. Studies of urbanization, both within bioarchaeology and in other fields of study, face a number of limitations, including a lack of a consensus regarding what urban and urbanization mean, the assumed dichotomous nature of urban versus rural settlements, the supposition that urbanization is universally bad for people, and the assumption (at least in practice) of homogeneity within urban and rural populations. Bioarchaeologists can address these limitations by utilizing a wide array of data and methods, and the studies described here collectively demonstrate the complex, nuanced, and highly variable effects of urbanization.

show abstract

Dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC) of Anatolia: A multi-isotopic approach

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Reconstruction of dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age of Anatolia through the analysis of dental caries and wear

Reconstruction of dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age of Anatolia through the analysis of dental caries and wear

Integrating buccal and occlusal dental microwear with isotope analyses for a complete paleodietary reconstruction of Holocene populations from Hungary

Toward a bioarchaeology of urbanization: Demography, health, and behavior in cities in the past

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About