Dietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling in piglets

Yin, Lanmei; Li, Jun; Wang, Meiwei; Wang, Qiye; Li, Jianzhong; Ding, Nengshui; Yang, Huansheng; Yin, Yulong

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.002

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Small intestinal morphology indices, such as VH, CD, and VH to CD ratio, are generally used as indicators of piglet intestinal absorption and digestion ability ( 25 ). Research has shown that a diet consisting of 26% CP decreased the VH to CD ratio and ileal VH in weaned piglets compared to the 18% CP diet ( 8 ). In another study, dietary reduction of dietary CP levels from 16 to 10% significantly decreased the intestinal VH to CD ratio ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yin et al. ( 8 ) also indicated that dietary HP may cause diarrhea in piglets by inducing intestinal inflammation through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our previous study found that increasing levels of dietary CP quadratically decreased the feed to body weight gain (F/G) during the 5−10 kg growth stage, while the average daily gain (ADG) during the 10−20 kg growth stage and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and ADG during the 20−30 kg growth stage were quadratically increased ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages

et al. 2022

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Huanjiang mini-pig is an indigenous pig breed in China; however, the optimal dietary crude protein (CP) levels for this pig breed during different growth stages has not been standardized yet. This study investigated the effects of different CP levels on diarrhea incidence, immunity, and intestinal barrier function in pigs. A total of 360 Huanjiang mini-pigs were assigned to three independent trials and fed the following CP diets: 5−10 kg stage, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22%; 10−20 kg stage, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20% and 20−30 kg stage, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18%. In the 5−10 kg stage, the 22%; diet increased the plasma IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations compared to the 14−20% diets and decreased IL-10 and TGF-β; however, these results were fluctuated in the later stages, including the decrease of IL-1β and IL-8 in the 20% group, TNF-α in the 18−20% groups, and the increase of IFN-γ in the 20% group at the 10−20 kg stage and the decrease of TNF-α in the 16% group at the 20−30 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the jejunal and ileal IL-10 concentration compared to the 14% diet at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as in the 16% diet compared to the 12% diet at the 10−20 kg stage. In addition, ileal IL-10 concentration was increased in the 16% diet compared to the 10, 12, and 18% diets at the 20−30 kg stage. Furthermore, the 18% diet at the 5−10 kg stage and the 16% diet at the 10−20 kg stage decreased jejunal IL-6 expression, whereas the 20% diet increased the TNF-α and IFN-γ at the 5−10 kg stage. The 20% diet increased the Claudin, Occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, Mucin-1, and Mucin-20 expressions at the 5−10 kg stage, as well as TLR-2, TLR-4, and NF-κB in the 22 and 20% diets at the 5−10 and 10−20 kg stages, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest optimal dietary CP levels of 16, 14, and 12% for Huanjiang mini-pigs during the 5−10, 10−20, and 20−30 kg growth stages, respectively; and provide the guiding significance of dietary CP levels for Huanjiang mini-pigs during different growth stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages

et al. 2022

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“…The parameters for thermal cycling were set in accordance with our published study [ 21 ]. Primers of Nrf2, SOD, GPX, CAT, Keap-1, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, mucin-2, zonula occludens (ZO) -1, ZO-2, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-1 and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were obtained from other reports [ 19 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] and are listed showed in Table S2 . All primers were commercially synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Encapsulated Organic Acid and Essential Oil Mixture Improves the Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets by Altering Intestinal Inflammation and Antioxidative Capacity

Liu

Jin

et al. 2022

Animals

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Simple Summary Weaning stress causes retarded growth, gut disorder and dysfunction, severe diarrhea and higher mortality in weaned piglets. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been conventionally used to alleviate the negative effects of weaning stress. However, the long-term use of AGP leads to various adverse effects, such as antimicrobial resistance and food drug residues, and threatens public safety. Therefore, AGP should be replaced with residue-free, pollution-free and toxin-free alternatives because several countries and regions have banned the use of AGP in the feed industry. This study investigates the effects of an encapsulated organic acid and essential oil mixture (OAEO) on the growth performance, immuno-antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of weaned piglets. The results reveal that OAEO as an alternative to AGP improved the growth performance, immuno-antioxidant status and intestinal health of weaned piglets partly by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Abstract This study investigates the effects of an encapsulated organic acid and essential oil mixture (OAEO) on the growth performance, immuno-antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of weaned piglets. In total, 120 weaned piglets (23 days of age; 6.96 ± 0.08 kg) were randomly allotted to four treatments (six replicates/group; five piglets/replicate): the control group (CON) was fed the basal diet (BD), the antibiotic growth promoters group (AGP) received the BD with 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 10 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, and OAEO1 and OAEO2 were fed the BD with 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg OAEO, respectively. The trial lasted 21 days and then one piglet per replicate was selected for sample collection. OAEO increased the average daily gain, spleen index, serum interleukin (IL)-10, immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA levels; serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities; and jejunal villus height (VH), VH/crypt depth, goblet cell number, and amylase and trypsin activities ( p < 0.05) compared with CON but reduced the diarrhea rate, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), and D -lactic acid contents and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity ( p < 0.05). OAEO also increased the jejunal zonula occludens-1, occludin, claudin-1, mucin-2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), GPX and IL-10 mRNA levels, GPX activity and IL-10 content ( p < 0.05) compared with CON but reduced jejunal MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α contents and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and TNF-α mRNA levels ( p < 0.05). In addition, AGP increased ADG, serum IgA level and GPX activity, jejunal trypsin activity and IL-10 content and mRNA level ( p < 0.05) compared with CON but reduced the serum TNF-α content and DAO activity and jejunal NF-κB mRNA level ( ...

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“…This is supported by shallower crypt depth (CD) which facilitates the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells to further improve absorption from the SI. Thus, both VH and CD, and the ratio of VH/CD (known as V/C) are often used to evaluate intestinal absorptive capacity [ 73 ]. Furthermore, intestinal microbes can ferment indigestible substrates such as dietary fiber and endogenous intestinal mucus to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) which are easily absorbed [ 74 ].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Is On Growth Performance Of Livestock and Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Immune Stress on Growth Performance and Immune Functions of Livestock: Mechanisms and Prevention

Niu

Ding

Gooneratne

et al. 2022

Animals

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Immune stress markedly affects the immune function and growth performance of livestock, including poultry, resulting in financial loss to farmers. It can lead to decreased feed intake, reduced growth, and intestinal disorders. Studies have shown that pathogen-induced immune stress is mostly related to TLR4-related inflammatory signal pathway activation, excessive inflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress, hormonal disorders, cell apoptosis, and intestinal microbial disorders. This paper reviews the occurrence of immune stress in livestock, its impact on immune function and growth performance, and strategies for immune stress prevention.

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Dietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling in piglets

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages

Dietary Crude Protein Levels Alter Diarrhea Incidence, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs During Different Growth Stages

An Encapsulated Organic Acid and Essential Oil Mixture Improves the Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets by Altering Intestinal Inflammation and Antioxidative Capacity

Effect of Immune Stress on Growth Performance and Immune Functions of Livestock: Mechanisms and Prevention

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