Dietary Acanthopanax senticosus extracts modulated the inflammatory and apoptotic responses of yellow catfish to protect against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection

Abstract

Herbal extracts interfere with bacterial adhesion and support apoptosis-dependent exfoliation to protect mammals against bacterial infection. In this study, juvenile yellow catfish were fed with control diet or Acanthopanax senticosus extracts (AS)supplemented diet. After 60 days, AS (180 ml/kg feed) significantly elevated fish growth and feed utilization, with higher weight gain and feed efficiency. After challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri, survival rate of AS-supplemented fish (65%) was significantly higher than control fish (30%). Control fish exhibited obvious skin lesions since 1 day post-infection (dpi) and decreased thickness of epidermis with prolonged days, while AS-supplemented fish skin structure showed better integrity. Moreover, length of secondary branchial filaments of AS-supplemented fish was higher than control fish that showed obvious occlusion between adjacent lamellae. Unlike its proinflammatory role in spleen, AS significantly inhibited gill inflammation at 4 dpi via regulating TLRs-NFκB pathway. Moreover, haematoxylin-eosin staining exhibited that AS delayed the liver vasculitis and necrotic hepatitis of yellow catfish. Further study by TUNEL assay, caspase-3 activity and mRNA expression indicated that AS significantly promoted hepatic apoptosis at 1 dpi to prevent further necrosis, which process was regulated by JAK/STAT pathway. All results demonstrated AS modulated inflammation and apoptosis to protect yellow catfish against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection.

Dietary supplementation of Chinese herbal medicines enhances the immune response and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

“…The expression level of JAK1 was significantly increased and then decreased compared to the control group. The results showed that CHMM may upregulate JAK1 expression, and with an increase in the dose of CHMM, specific cell types and conditions may cause JAK1 to be inhibited ( 54 ). Meanwhile, SOCS2 expression was significantly diminished compared to that of the control.…”

Effect of Siberian Ginseng Water Extract as a Dietary Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indexes, Lipid Metabolism, and Expression of PPARs Pathway-Related Genes in Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Chinese herbal medicines are rich in a variety of nutritional elements and biologically active substances, which can promote the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, accelerate the absorption and use of nutrients, stimulate the metabolism of animals, and thus be beneficial to animal growth [43,44]. In recent years, AS has been proven to play an active role in the growth of animals, such as yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) [45], swamp eels (Monopterus albus) [46], weaned piglets [26], and broiler chickens [47]. In this study, we found that adding 0.4-0.8‰ ASW to the diet significantly promoted the growth of GIFT, and that 0.74‰ of ASW was the optimum concentration.…”

Dietary Glutamine Inclusion Regulates Immune and Antioxidant System, as Well as Programmed Cell Death in Fish to Protect against Flavobacterium columnare Infection

“…Genes involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway have been identified in fish and also significantly affected by nutrients such as choline [ 74 ]. Our previous study also identified the regulatory role of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway on fish apoptosis during bacterial infection, which could be affected by herbal extracts [ 94 ]. In the present study, the expression of related genes including jak1 and stat5 were significantly increased at 30 d after F. columnare infection, while dietary glutamine supplementation significantly decreased their expression at 30 d. Thus glutamine might inhibit the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to decrease the apoptosis in fish gills after bacterial infection.…”