Dietary Intake according to Gender and Education: A Twenty-Year Trend in a Swiss Adult Population

Marques‐Vidal, Pedro; Rousi, Eirini; Paccaud, Fred; Gaspoz, Jean‐Michel; Théler, Jean-Marc; Bochud, Murielle; Stringhini, Silvia; Guessous, Idris

doi:10.3390/nu7115481

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Men with low education consumed less vitamin D than did men with high education, as previously reported in Switzerland [13, 15] but not elsewhere [19, 20, 25, 26]. This may be due to higher fish consumption among highly educated men [13, 27], but some associations might be country-specific—Switzerland has no foods fortified with vitamin D. Unlike in our previous paper [15], we found no educational differences in MUFA and carotene, which may be because the previous paper did not mutually adjust for income and occupation, and because education was used as a dichotomous variable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This may be due to higher fish consumption among highly educated men [13, 27], but some associations might be country-specific—Switzerland has no foods fortified with vitamin D. Unlike in our previous paper [15], we found no educational differences in MUFA and carotene, which may be because the previous paper did not mutually adjust for income and occupation, and because education was used as a dichotomous variable. Interestingly, a U-shaped association was found between education and calcium intake: men with moderate education level consumed the least calcium, unlike the previously reported lower calcium intake among men with low education [14, 20, 23].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Previous findings in the French-speaking canton of Geneva revealed that from 1993 to 2000 men and women in high SES—defined by education and occupation—followed healthier diets [13], while those in low SES followed increasingly unhealthier diets [14]. In a previous paper, we assessed the association between one measure of SES—education—and dietary intake [15]. Still, no information is available regarding the associations between dietary intake and other SES indicators, namely income and occupation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent association between socioeconomic indicators and macro- and micro-nutrient intake in Switzerland

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BackgroundSocioeconomic differences in diet are rarely assessed with more than one indicator. We aimed to assess differences in macro- and micro-nutrient intake in both sexes according to education, income, and occupation.MethodsWe used data from validated food frequency questionnaire measured dietary intake in 5087 participants (2157 women) from yearly adult population-based cross-sectional surveys conducted from 2005 to 2012 in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. We used two ANOVA models: age-adjusted and multivariable adjusted simultaneously for all three socioeconomic indicators.ResultsLow-education men consumed more calcium but less vitamin D than high-education men; low-income men consumed less total and animal protein (80.9±0.9 vs 84.0±0.6 g/d; 55.6±1.0 vs 59.5±0.7 g/d) and more total carbohydrates and sugars (246±2 vs 235±2 g/d; 108±2 vs 103±1 g/d) than high-income men. Occupation and diet showed no association. Low-education women consumed less vegetable protein (20.7±0.2 vs 21.6±0.2 g/d), fibre (15.7±0.3 vs 16.8±0.2 g/d), and carotene (4222±158 vs 4870±128 μg/d) than high-education women; low-income women consumed more total carbohydrates (206±2 vs 197±1 g/d) and less monounsaturated fat (27.7±0.4 vs 29.3±0.3 g/d) than high-income women. Finally, low-occupation women consumed more total energy (1792±27 vs 1714±15 kcal/d) and total carbohydrates (206±2 vs 200±1 g/d), but less saturated fat (23.0±0.3 vs 24.4±0.2 g/d), calcium (935±17 vs 997±10 mg/d) and vitamin D (2.5±0.1 vs 2.9±0.1 μg/d), than high-occupation women.ConclusionIn Switzerland, the influence of socioeconomic factors on nutrient intake differs by sex; income and education, but not occupation, drive differences among men; among women, all three indicators seem to play a role. Interventions to reduce inequalities should consider the influence of education, income, and occupation in diet to be most effective.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent association between socioeconomic indicators and macro- and micro-nutrient intake in Switzerland

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“…Participation rate ranged between 55% and 75%. 21 Participants were asked to fill questionnaires at home and to participate to a physical examination in either a mobile unit (Bus Santé) or in two different stationary clinics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol policy changes and 22-year trends in individual alcohol consumption in a Swiss adult population: a 1993–2014 cross-sectional population-based study

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveEvidence on the impact of legislative changes on individual alcohol consumption is limited. Using an observational study design, we assessed trends in individual alcohol consumption of a Swiss adult population following the public policy changes that took place between 1993 and 2014, while considering individual characteristics and secular trends.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSwiss general adult population.ParticipantsData from 18 963 participants were collected between 1993 and 2014 (aged 18–75 years).Outcome measuresWe used data from the ‘Bus Santé’ study, an annual health survey conducted in random samples of the adult population in the State of Geneva, Switzerland. Individual alcohol intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Individual characteristics including education were self-reported. 7 policy changes (6 about alcohol and 1 about tobacco) that occurred between 1993 and 2014 defined 6 different periods. We predicted alcohol intake using quantile regression with multivariate analysis for each period adjusting for participants' characteristics and tested significance periods. Sensitivity analysis was performed including drinkers only, the 10th centile of highest drinkers and smoker's status.ResultsBetween 1993 and 2014, participants' individual alcohol intake decreased from 7.1 to 5.4 g/day (24% reduction, p<0.001). Men decreased their alcohol intake by 34% compared with 22% for women (p<0.001). The decrease in alcohol intake remained significant when considering drinkers only (28% decrease, p<0.001) and the 10th centile highest drinkers (24% decrease, p<0.001). Consumption of all alcoholic beverages decreased between 1993 and 2014 except for the moderate consumption of beer, which increased. After adjustment for participants' characteristics and secular trends, no independent association between alcohol legislative changes and individual alcohol intake was found.ConclusionsBetween 1993 and 2014, alcohol consumption decreased in the Swiss adult population independently of policy changes.

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“…For physical activity, the short version of the IPAQ -International Physical Activity Questionnaire was included (13). The behavior part was amended by a selection of socio-economic and -demographic questions from the Swiss Health Survey (12), with minor changes applied due to experiences from regional surveys in Switzerland (CoLaus (14,15) and Bus santé studies (16,17)). …”

Section: Questionnaire -Participant Characteristics and Eating And Physmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake according to Gender and Education: A Twenty-Year Trend in a Swiss Adult Population

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Independent association between socioeconomic indicators and macro- and micro-nutrient intake in Switzerland

Independent association between socioeconomic indicators and macro- and micro-nutrient intake in Switzerland

Alcohol policy changes and 22-year trends in individual alcohol consumption in a Swiss adult population: a 1993–2014 cross-sectional population-based study

menuCH - Swiss Nutrition Survey 2014-2015

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