Dietary Intake after Weight Loss and the Risk of Weight Regain: Macronutrient Composition and Inflammatory Properties of the Diet

Abstract

Weight regain after successful weight loss is a big problem in obesity management. This study aimed to investigate whether weight regain after a weight loss period is correlated with the macronutrient composition and/or the inflammatory index of the diet during that period. Sixty one overweight and obese adults participated in this experimental study. Subjects lost approximately 10% of their initial weight by means of very low-calorie diet for five weeks, or a low calorie diet for 12 weeks. After that, subjects in both groups followed a strict weight maintenance diet based on individual needs for four weeks, which was followed by a nine-month weight maintenance period without dietary counseling. Anthropometrics and dietary intake data were recorded before weight loss (baseline) and during the weight maintenance period. On average, participants regained approximately half of their lost weight. We found no evidence that macronutrient composition during the weight maintenance period was associated with weight regain. The dietary inflammatory index (r = 0.304, p = 0.032) was positively correlated with weight regain and remained significant after correction for physical activity (r = 0.287, p = 0.045). Our data suggest that the inflammatory properties of diet play a role in weight regain after weight loss in overweight and obese adults.

Behavioral Predictors of Weight Regain in Postmenopausal Women: Exploratory Results From the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta

“…Specifically, participants who continued to lose weight or maintained weight loss during follow-up reported a decrease in energy intake of ≈ 100 kcal/d, whereas an increase of ≈ 200 kcal/d was reported by participants who regained ≥ 5 kg. A reduction in energy intake has been previously associated with successful weight-loss maintenance following diet plus exercise and/or lifestyle (11,14) and diet-only (33) interventions, thus supporting our findings. The only other exercise-only intervention to assess risk factors of weight-loss maintenance also reported that participants who maintained the highest exercise levels had greater decreases in dietary and fat intake during follow-up (8).…”

“…The primary outcome was changes in body weight from 12 to 24 months measured to the nearest 0.1 kg with a Health‐o‐Meter Professional 402KL Physician Balance Beam Scale (Performance Health, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). Predictors of weight regain were selected based on scientific plausibility . These included objective measurements of moderate to vigorous PA time (hours per day and number of bouts ≥ 10 min/d), light PA time (hours per day), total number of steps per day, and sedentary time (hours per day and number of bouts ≥ 60 min/d) over 7 days with a waist‐worn accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, Florida).…”

Hubungan Asupan Kalori Total dan Makronutrien dengan Derajat Obesitas pada Remaja Obesitas Usia 14-18 Tahun di Jakarta

“…14 Penelitian lain menemukan bahwa weight regain berkorelasi dengan asupan energi total, tetapi tidak dengan komposisi makronutrien. 15,16 Perlu dipertimbangkan terdapat aspek lain dari diet yang berhubungan dengan obesitas selain kuantitas asupan kalori, seperti meal patterning yang mencakup frekuensi dan waktu makan. 17,18 Selain itu, perlu dipertimbangkan juga preferensi masing-masing individu dalam mengonsumsi diet sehari-hari.…”

Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Its Association with Body Weight, Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Leptin in Indonesian Adults

“…In the Spanish SUN ( Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra ) cohort, the DII score was associated with annual weight gain [14]. We have shown that the DII score was associated with weight regain following a weight loss program in Dutch overweight and obese individuals [15].…”