“…In 2010, it was estimated that 69,250 new cases of bladder cancer would be diagnosed and 14,990 deaths of this cancer would occur among men in the country (1). To date, the only firmly established risk factors for this disease appear to be age, gender, smoking history and occupational exposure to certain chemicals (2). However, these well-defined factors cannot fully explain the observed differences in incidence and mortality from bladder cancer amongst countries.…”