Dietary Intake, Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Potentials of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic Exposure via Consumption of Dried Crayfish in Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract

Intense pressure from both onshore and offshore oil exploration and exploitation activities, together with the accompanying urbanization and industrialization has resulted in massive contamination of land and water resources in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Whereas crayfish is very sensitive to contaminant in the aquatic environment and constitute an important part of human diet, its quality and safety from environmental pollutant is of serious health concern. Evaluation of dietary intake, potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic exposure via consumption of dried crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar, Nigeria was carried out between June and August 2021. Thirty-six composite samples of dried crayfish purchased from 180 vendors were used for the study. Heavy metals concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. Metals concentrations (Mg/kg) were of the ranges 0.02 -0.24, 0.14 -0.86, 0.32 -0.72, 0.04 -0.19 for Pb, Cd, Hg and As respectively. The mean content of cadmium and mercury exceeded FAO/ WHO and Commission of European Communities maximum levels for crustaceans. Average Estimated Daily Intake for each of the metals was found to be above the recommended daily intake level except for arsenic. The average estimated daily intake values for Cd and Hg were also above the tolerable upper intake level.

Sources and Health Risks of Inorganic Toxicants in Gallus Gallus Domesticus (Broilers) in Uyo, Nigeria

“…This is similar to the results obtained by Kamunda et al (2016) and Apau et al (2022) in their studies. Thus, the consumers of broiler meat from the studied poultry farms may be exposed to non-cancer risks over time (Tschinkel et al, 2020;Udiba et al, 2022). Levels of Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn were the major contributors to the high HQ values obtained in this study.…”

Physicochemistry of Iko River Channel in Nigeria and the Related Human Health Problems

“…Consequently, lifetime exposure to these metals via the consumption of water from the studied aquatic ecosystem may not cause serious non-cancer problems 130 . Nevertheless, the mean hazard quotient values of Pb and Cd for both populations were higher than 1 thus, these metals may likely pose serious non-cancer risks over lifetime exposure 131,132 . Total hazard index (THI) of the trace metals through the oral ingestion of water from the studied aquatic system for the adults and children populations as indicated in Table 6 are 4.632 and 15.681, respectively.…”