Dietary Intakes of Fiber and Magnesium and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in First Year After Renal Transplantation

Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta‐analysis

“…One cross-sectional study [29], which was not eligible for the present meta-analysis, also reported an inverse association between dietary magnesium and risk of metabolic syndrome on Z-score. The present findings are not consistent, however, with results from another case–control study [24], which reported metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in participants with high dietary magnesium intake, and a prospective cohort study, which found no significant difference in the risk of having prevalent metabolic syndrome between the highest and the lowest dietary magnesium intake groups [14]. …”

“…Of the remaining 12 studies, we further excluded one cross-sectional study because it reported the risk of metabolic syndrome on Z-score [29]. Two cohort studies were excluded because the samples were too low to be combined [14,20]. Three case–control studies were identified, but one of these reported only correlation coefficients [24] and another one only presented the association between hypomagnesaemia and metabolic syndrome [26], which meant that the three case–control studies could not be pooled.…”

“…Another randomized control trial showed that magnesium supplementation reduced blood pressure and increased HDL cholesterol significantly in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in patients with diabetes, hypertension and hypomagnesaemia at baseline [23]; however, one case–control study has documented a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in participants with high serum magnesium levels [24]. In addition, a prospective cohort study has found that there was no significant association between dietary magnesium and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome [14]. Studies directly relating dietary magnesium intake to risk of metabolic syndrome using study designs other than cross-sectional studies are sparse.…”

“…Several risk factors, including vitamin D deficiency [3], an unhealthy diet (e.g. diets high in carbohydrates and high total fat) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], an inactive lifestyle [15], obesity, excess triglycerides, insulin resistance, family history of metabolic syndrome, genetics [16] and aging, have been thought to be determinants of metabolic syndrome.…”

“…Studies directly relating dietary magnesium intake to risk of metabolic syndrome using study designs other than cross-sectional studies are sparse. Only one randomized controlled clinical trial [22], two cohort studies (one in the general population [20] and the other in patients undergoing renal transplant [14]), and three casecontrol studies [24][25][26] with either different exposure (dietary magnesium or hypomagnesaemia) or different effect measures (Pearson's correlation coefficients or odds ratios) that directly related magnesium intake to metabolic syndrome were identified, which meant that we did not have enough studies to pool evidence from these study designs. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to aggregate the existing knowledge on the association of dietary magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome in the general population, by conducting a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.…”