Dietary intervention with Stevia residue extracts alleviates impaired glucose regulation in mice

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Stevia residue extracts (SREs, i.e., SRE‐1 and SRE‐2) on impaired glucose regulation (IGR). ICR mice were fed with a high‐fat and high‐fructose diet (HFFD) to induce IGR. Glucose metabolism, serum lipid profiles, serum antioxidant status, and hepatic histopathological analysis by oil red O were analyzed. The bioactive compounds of SREs were identified by LC/MS/MS. Chemical analysis of SREs revealed the extracts to be good sources of chlorogenic acids and flavonoids. SRE‐1 significantly lowered blood glucose levels and improved glucose intolerance in HFFD‐induced IGR mice. Serum lipid profiles, antioxidant status, and liver fat accumulation were also improved by SRE‐1, especially at 200 mg/kg. The results suggest that SRE‐1‐enriched diet could ameliorate prediabetic associated metabolic disturbances by regulating glucose and lipid pathways. Moreover, SRE‐1 exerts its beneficial effect against IGR probably due to the presence of chlorogenic acids and flavonoids. Practical applications Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, an ancient perennial shrub of South America, produces steviol glycosides that are low calorie sweeteners, about 300 times sweeter than saccharose. In addition to steviol glycosides, S. rebaudiana contains other metabolites with bioactive potential, such as polyphenols. A large amount of byproduct is being formed during steviol glycosides extraction. Thus, there has been an increasing demand to exploit this polyphenol‐rich byproduct as food additives or nutraceuticals. Our study showed that SREs‐enriched diet has a variety of beneficial effects on HFFD‐induced IGR mice by regulating oxidative stress, glucose, and lipid metabolism. IGR refers to a metabolic status between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes, and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, SREs could be developed as functional foods or nutraceuticals to prevent many diseases associated with IGR.

Dietary stevia residue extract supplementation improves the performance and antioxidative capacity of growing–finishing pigs

“…SRE supplementation has been reported to attenuate metabolic disorders associated with pre‐diabetes by regulating glycolipid pathways, and 200 mg kg −1 SRE can significantly accelerate the transfer of fat from serum to liver 9 . HDL‐C carries excess cholesterol to the liver, where it is broken down into cholate and excreted through the biliary tract 23 .…”

“…2 The major compositions of polyphenols from stevia are identified as chlorogenic acids, including chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acids, which have excellent antioxidative activity. 8 Furthermore, a series of studies have reported that chlorogenic acid-enriched stevia residue extract (SRE) possesses health benefits to reduce blood glucose 9 and attenuate hyperuricemia in laboratory mouse models. 10,11 However, most of the steviol glycosides manufactories leave the polyphenols in solid stevia residue, and cause a waste of resources.…”

Anti‐inflammatory potential of stevia residue extract against uric acid‐associated renal injury in mice

“…Dry leaves of stevia have been traditionally used as a natural sweetener for over 100 years (Abou-Arab et al, 2010;Lemus-Mondaca et al, 2018;Ruiz-Ruiz et al, 2015). Stevia leaves are a rich source of many diterpene glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, minerals, chlorophylls, alkaloids, folic acid, vitamin C, essential oils, tannins, and carotene (Kim et al, 2011(Kim et al, , 2017Lemus-Mondaca et al, 2018;Ruiz-Ruiz et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2018). Notably, during the extraction of steviol glycosides, a huge amount of byproduct is generated, known as stevia residue extract.…”

“…3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and caffeic acid) (Zhao et al, 2018). Stevia residue extract possesses biological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetes, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective activities (Mehmood et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2018Zhao et al, , 2019.…”

“…3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and caffeic acid) (Zhao et al, 2018). Stevia residue extract possesses biological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetes, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective activities (Mehmood et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2018Zhao et al, , 2019. In this study, we try to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potential of stevia residue extract in hyperuricemic mice and the underlying mechanism was further determined.…”