Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease

Healthy Dietary Patterns and Risk of Mortality and ESRD in CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

“…Existing cohort studies provide evidence of the association of healthy dietary patterns with risk of ESRD, major cardiovascular complications, and health-related quality of life, although there is considerable uncertainty in the results for these outcomes because of wide confidence intervals from meta-analyses that included few studies. To our knowledge, this is the first cumulative assessment of whole dietary patterns and The association of healthy dietary patterns with lower mortality in people with CKD is in contrast to the lack of association of restrictions of individual dietary components for food groups including serum phosphorus (7,32,33), sodium (6), and protein (34) intake with mortality, although individual studies addressing these questions have had small sample sizes and low power to discern the relative association of nutritional modifications on clinical outcomes. The findings of the current meta-analysis are consistent with accruing large-scale evidence of consistent mortality benefits with adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern among people without existing chronic disease (35), although in a large randomized controlled trial on Mediterranean diet, a primarily plant-based diet including extra virgin olive oil or nuts, there was no statistical evidence of lower mortality alone in people at high risk of cardiovascular events, while a Mediterranean dietary pattern lowered the risk of a composite of nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events (11).…”

“…Historically, dietary advice has been given on the basis of individual nutrients or food groups instead of whole eating patterns, despite being considered complex, challenging to adhere to, and an intense burden for some patients (5). In addition, there is limited evidence that restricting or supplementing specific nutrients or single food groups effectively prevents clinical complications, including kidney failure or death (6)(7)(8)(9). Fluid and dietary restrictions remain frequently identified as priority areas of research by patients with kidney disease and health care providers (10).…”

Vitamin K Influence on Cardiovascular Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysed Patients

“…There is an increasing risk of cardiovascular death in chronic hemodialysed patients [1][2][3]. Mineral and bone disorders, often emphasized in patients with chronic kidney disease, have an early onset inducing cardiovascular changes; vascular calcification is one of the major risk factors that leads to increased mortality in this group of population [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. To help decrease the risk of death in chronic hemodialysed individuals, prompt clinician intervention is required on risk factors that undergo cardiovascular damage [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…To help decrease the risk of death in chronic hemodialysed individuals, prompt clinician intervention is required on risk factors that undergo cardiovascular damage [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Besides the usual drug treatment, nutritional intervention plays a crucial role in the prevention of the mineral-bone disorders in chronic kidney disease [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. A diet with low phosphorus and carefully adjusted potassium intake is already proved to have favorable effects on chronic kidney disease progression and on mineral-bone abnormalities prevention [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Besides the usual drug treatment, nutritional intervention plays a crucial role in the prevention of the mineral-bone disorders in chronic kidney disease [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. A diet with low phosphorus and carefully adjusted potassium intake is already proved to have favorable effects on chronic kidney disease progression and on mineral-bone abnormalities prevention [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Several recent literature researches have shown the potential role of dietary vitamin K deficiency and vitamin K-dependent proteins -matrix Gla protein and osteocalcin -in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]20].…”