Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes

Parks, Natalie; Jackson-Tarlton, Caitlin S.; Vacchi, Laura; Merdad, Roah; Johnston, Bradley C.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004192.pub4

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Low dietary intake of omega-3’s may be an important risk factor for Multiple Sclerosis [ 99 ]. Meta-analyses of intervention trials did not find consistent results, with a neutral Cochrane meta-analysis, e.g., [ 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Brain Damagementioning

confidence: 77%

Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Schacky¹

2021

Nutrients

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Brain structure and function depend on a constant and sufficient supply with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by blood. Blood levels of EPA and DHA reflect dietary intake and other variables and are preferably assessed as percentage in erythrocytes with a well-documented and standardized analytical method (HS-Omega-3 Index®). Every human being has an Omega-3 Index between 2 and 20%, with an optimum of 8–11%. Compared to an optimal Omega-3 Index, a lower Omega-3 Index was associated with increased risk for total mortality and ischemic stroke, reduced brain volume, impaired cognition, accelerated progression to dementia, psychiatric diseases, compromises of complex brain functions, and other brain issues in epidemiologic studies. Most intervention trials, and their meta-analyses considered EPA and DHA as drugs with good bioavailability, a design tending to produce meaningful results in populations characterized by low baseline blood levels (e.g., in major depression), but otherwise responsible for many neutral results and substantial confusion. When trial results were evaluated using blood levels of EPA and DHA measured, effects were larger than comparing EPA and DHA to placebo groups, and paralleled epidemiologic findings. This indicates future trial design, and suggests a targeted use EPA and DHA, based on the Omega-3 Index.

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Section: Brain Damagementioning

confidence: 77%

Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Schacky¹

2021

Nutrients

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“…Omega-3 PUFAs inhibit NF-kB signaling through activation of SIRT1-mediated pathway [58] and the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12, IL- (BDNF) expression [60]. However, two systematic reviews in 2012 and 2020, respectively, reported that PUFAs do not elicit any significant effect on MS-related outcomes [61,62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Mediterranean diet v. traditional Iranian diet: efficacy of dietary interventions on dietary inflammatory index score, fatigue severity and disability in multiple sclerosis patients

et al. 2021

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Background Current evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeD) can reduce inflammation in chronic diseases; however, studies pertaining to Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the modiﬁed MeD (mMeD) in improving Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores, disability, and fatigue severity, compared to Traditional Iranian Diet (TID), in RRMS patients. Methods After initial screening (n=261), 180 RRMS patients were randomized to receive mMeD or TID (as control) for six months. DII score, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and 21-item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) were evaluated at baseline and trial cessation. Multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted and adjusted for age, gender, body weight, body mass index, education level, supplement use, family history and duration of MS. Results Of the 180 patients enrolled, 147 participants were included in the ﬁnal analysis (n of mMeD=68; n of TID=79). Self-reported adherence was good (˜81%). Dietary intakes of 45 food parameters were assessed through the food frequency questionnaire. The mMeD significantly reduced DII scores after six months (2.38±0.21 to −1.87±0.86, P<0.001), but TID did not elicit any changes (2.21±0.44 to 2.14±1.01, P=0.771). Additionally, MFIS total score decreased significantly (72.4±17.2 to 63.9±14.2, P<0.001), whereas there was no considerable improvement for EDSS in the mMeD group. Conclusion Adherence to mMeD, for six months, improved dietary inflammatory status and fatigue severity in RRMS patients, however, the traditional Iranian diet did not positively impact dietary inflammation and MFIS score.

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“…Research studies concerning DMG and MS are not available. A recently published review about other dietary interventions in MS shows inefficient evidence of whether supplementation with antioxidants, omega-3, omega-6, or vitamin D has any impact on MS-related outcomes [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, there is substantial interest in the ability of dietary interventions to influence multiple sclerosis (MS)-related outcomes. To date, there are limited evidence-based recommendations regarding dietary interventions for MS [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N,N-Dimethylglycine in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: result of a pilot double-blind, placebo, controlled randomized clinical trial

Wolfsegger

Böck

Schimetta

et al. 2021

Neurol. Res. Pract.

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Oral administration of N,N-Dimethylglycine (DMG), a tertiary amino acid, presumably enhances oxygen utilization by tissue and complex with free radicals. Beneficial effects are improved endurance performance and reduction fatigue in humans and animals. This pilot study reports the results over a one-year double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DMG in 30 randomized patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. No treatment effects were found between the placebo group and the DMG group for disability, fatigue, cognitive, or gait parameters.

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Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes

Cited by 46 publications

References 148 publications

Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Modified Mediterranean diet v. traditional Iranian diet: efficacy of dietary interventions on dietary inflammatory index score, fatigue severity and disability in multiple sclerosis patients

N,N-Dimethylglycine in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: result of a pilot double-blind, placebo, controlled randomized clinical trial

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