Dietary Iron Supplementation In Women Athletes

Pate, Russell R.; Maguire, Molly; Wyk, Jon Van

doi:10.1080/00913847.1979.11948486

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The varied and nonsignificant Hb and Hct changes of the 1st and 2nd seasons are similar to others reported in the literature on female athletes (11,33,41,48). The significantly decreased Hb and Hct values of the 3rd season of the present study as compared with the increased Hb and Hct of the previous seasons may mean that red cell production had been affected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Physical Training and Competition on the Iron Status of Female Field Hockey Players

Diehl¹,

Lohman²,

Smith³

et al. 1986

Int J Sports Med

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Female collegiate field hockey players showed decreases in iron stores (as measured by serum ferritin) in each of 3 successive fall seasons studied. After the 1st season of regular play, a decrease (25-23 ng/ml was observed, but measurements after post-season tournament play for the 2nd and 3rd seasons showed significant (P less than 0.05) decreases of 37% (30-19 ng/ml) and 30% (24-17 ng/ml), respectively. The added stress of tournament play appeared to cause additional loss of reserve iron nearly as great as that experienced during early season training. After several years of play, serum ferritin levels in these athletes were frequently between 10 and 20 ng/ml, with the lowest levels occurring in 3rd- and 4th-year athletes. Those women who participated in all 3 years had progressively declining serum ferritin levels throughout their collegiate careers. Participation in collegiate field hockey jeopardizes body iron stores, and iron reserves tend to become progressively more depleted after successive seasons of competition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Physical Training and Competition on the Iron Status of Female Field Hockey Players

Diehl¹,

Lohman²,

Smith³

et al. 1986

Int J Sports Med

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“…The question is whether iron supplements are beneficial to athletes or physically active persons who are not anemic. Supplements containing low doses of iron (1.8-50 mg) given to athletes who were not iron deficient did not significantly improve hemoglobin or iron status (25,59,119). When supplements containing larger dosages of iron (1.00 mg or more) were given to iron deficient athletes, significant improvements in hemoglobin and iron status were observed (23, 105,124,135,138).…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 87%

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

Haymes

1991

International Journal of Sport Nutrition

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Vitamin and mineral supplements are frequently used by competitive and recreational athletes. Dietary deficiencies of most vitamins are not very common among athletes except in those who restrict their food intake in order to maintain body weight. Vitamins most likely to be deficient in the diet are folate, B,, B,,, and E. Biochemical evidence of vitamin deficiencies in some athletes have been reported for thiamine, riboflavin, and B,. When the diet is deficient, vitamin supplements may improve performance but are not likely to be effective if the dietary intake is adequate. Some female athletes' diets are low in calcium, iron, and zinc. Low calcium intake may reduce peak bone mass in young women. Iron deficiency may impair performance and needs to be corrected with an iron supplement. Zinc supplements that exceed the RDA interfere with the absorption of copper and lower HDLcholesterol.The use of vitamin and mineral supplements by athletes is widespread, especially in the United States. According to recent surveys of supplement use among athletes, more than 50% of elite women distance runners, nonelite women marathon runners and triathletes, and Ironman triathletes of both sexes consume vitamin and mineral supplements regularly (22,32,76,109,164). Thirty percent of nonelite men competing in marathons and triathlons report daily use of vitamin and mineral supplements (109, 164). Use of vitamin supplements is also prevalent among high school and college athletes-56% of males and 33% of females (1 18 In competitive events where the difference between winning and losing is measured in seconds or even a fraction of a second, poor nutrition could have a negative effect. Many athletes take vitamin and mineral supplements to ensure adequate nutrient intake. Other athletes believe that certain vitamins or minerals have ergogenic properties that will improve performance. In this review we will examine whether athletes need additional vitamins and minerals. There are three primary reasons why supplementing the diet with specific vitamins and/or minerals might be beneficial to athletes: (a) The athlete's diet is deficient in one or Emily M. Haymes is with the

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“…Some studies have reported hematocrit values in female athletes that are low to normal (3,27,28,36). Of five iron supplementation studies involving female athletes (3,16,23,28,30), only two studies reported baseline hematocrit values (16,28). Of these two studies, only Pate et al 28reported post-iron supplementation hematocrit values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of this population, 81% range in age between 18 and 44 years (18). The incidence of iron deficiency in menstruating women has been estimated at 25 % (28). Since women athletes are possibly at higher risk for iron deficiency than nonathletes (14,16,33), a legitimate concern exists over the iron status of female runners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Supplementation and Running Performance in Female Cross-Country Runners

Powell¹,

Tucker²

1991

Int J Sports Med

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two weeks of high dosage iron supplementation on various blood iron indices and metabolic parameters in non-anemic, iron-depleted competitive female cross-country runners. The subjects were highly trained members of the Colorado State University cross-country team and were completing 40 to 50 miles of training weekly. A pretest, post-test single-blind crossover design was employed. Upon collection of baseline exercise blood and metabolic data, five subjects were randomly assigned to iron supplementation (650 mg ferrous sulfate; 130 mg elemental iron) and five subjects to placebo treatment. At two weeks the treatments were reversed. Exercise blood and metabolic data were collected at two-week intervals. Dietary iron intake was assessed using a three-day dietary survey. Dietary analysis revealed deficiencies in vitamin B-6, iron, magnesium, and zinc according to USRDA standards. Baseline blood samples revealed no deficiencies in iron storage or transport proteins. Two weeks of iron supplementation resulted in no significant increases in blood iron indices. Metabolic parameters related to running performance were also unchanged after iron supplementation. High dosage, short-term iron supplementation appears to have no effect on blood or metabolic parameters in iron-depleted but non-anemic female cross-country runners.

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Dietary Iron Supplementation In Women Athletes

Abstract: Although iron is one of the most commonly used nutritional supplements, this study concluded that iron supplementation did not alter the iron status of the women athletes studied.

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of Physical Training and Competition on the Iron Status of Female Field Hockey Players

Effects of Physical Training and Competition on the Iron Status of Female Field Hockey Players

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

Iron Supplementation and Running Performance in Female Cross-Country Runners

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