Dietary Linalool is Transferred into the Milk of Nursing Mothers

Abstract

Scope: Breast milk is repeatedly postulated to shape the first aroma and taste impressions of infants and thus impact their flavor learning. The objective of this study is to assess the transition of aroma compounds from a customary curry dish into milk. Methods and Results: The article prepares a standardized curry dish and administers the dish to nursing mothers (n = 18) in an intervention study. The participants donate one milk sample before and three samples after the intervention. Due to their olfactory or quantitative relevance in the curry dish, 1,8-cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and 𝜸-nonalactone are defined as target compounds, and their transition into milk is quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A significant transition into the milk is observed for linalool, and its olfactory relevance in this respect is supported by calculated odor activity values. In contrast, no relevant levels are detected for the other eight target compounds. Conclusion: Ingestion of a customary curry dish can lead to an alteration of the milk aroma, which might be perceived by the infant during breastfeeding. The current study also demonstrates that the extent of aroma transfer differs between both substances and individuals.

Trendbericht Lebensmittelchemie 2023

“…14) Dies wurde kürzlich für das blumig riechende Linalool nachgewiesen. 15) Auch das scharf schmeckende Piperin geht von der Nahrung in die Muttermilch über (Abbildung oben). 16)…”

Linalool, 1,8‐Cineole, and Eugenol Transfer from a Curry Dish into Human Urine

“…The ingredients of the curry powder were coriander seeds, fenugreek, cumin seeds, peppercorns, dried red chilies, cinnamon sticks, cardamom, cloves, and curry leaves. The average amounts of the target compounds per dish were: linalool (35 mg), 1,8cineole (0.4 mg), eugenol (1.1 mg), cinnamaldehyde (3.6 mg), vanillin (0.5 mg), cuminaldehyde (22 mg), sotolone (3 μg), HDF (<34.36 ng [limit of detection, LOD]), and 𝛾-nonalactone (8 μg), see Debong et al (2021) for details. Aroma extracts of the donated urine samples were obtained using solvent extraction followed by solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) [9] and analyzed by GC-O and GC-MS. For quantification, a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA approach) [10] was used.…”

“…Aroma extracts of the donated urine samples were obtained using solvent extraction followed by solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) [9] and analyzed by GC-O and GC-MS. For quantification, a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA approach) [10] was used. For more details on LOD, limits of quantification (LOQ) determination, and calibration curves see Debong et al (2021) as well as Table S1, Supporting Information. Procedures that were specific to the here presented experiments were detailed in the following.…”

“…In order to provide an estimate of the extent to which food intake affects body fluids, in this case urine, odor activity values (OAV) [12] were calculated. The odor thresholds of the target substances had been determined previously (Debong et al, 2021). The OAV was calculated by dividing the determined odorant concentration in the urine sample (in μg L −1 ) by the respective odor threshold in distilled water.…”

Sensory evaluation of axillary odour samples of younger and older adults by a trained panel

“…noticeable smelling) compounds and can recognize their specific odour contributions in a given smell. Whereas odour profile analysis has already been applied for bodily fluids like amniotic fluid 31 or breast milk, [32][33][34] this tool has only rarely been applied to BO samples so far, despite evaluation of BO by trained panellists proved to be of advantage, for example, with regard to the evaluation of the sex of BO donors 35,36 and the odour developing from bacterial incubation of sweat. 37 In the present study, we aimed to further explore the usefulness of odour profile analysis in BO research by applying it to a limited number of BO samples from younger and older participants.…”