Dietary Linolenic Acid Is Inversely Associated With Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Coronary Arteries

Djoussé, Luc; Arnett, Donna K.; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Eckfeldt, John H.; Hopkins, Paul N.; Province, Michael A.; Ellison, R. Curtis

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.489534

Cited by 114 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) are essential fatty acids because they cannot be synthesized by the human body (Stark et al, 2008), and they are the major n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in milk. Several studies indicate that ALA has cardio-protective effects (Albert et al, 2005;Djoussé et al, 2005). In recent years, the consumption of n-6 fatty acids like LA has risen dramatically in developed nations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials to differentiate milk composition by different feeding strategies

Slots

Butler

Leifert

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

110

125

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To investigate the effect of the dietary intake of the cow on milk composition, bulk-tank milk was collected on 5 occasions from conventional (n = 15) and organic (n = 10) farms in Denmark and on 4 occasions from low-input nonorganic farms in the United Kingdom, along with management and production parameters. Production of milk based on feeding a high intake of cereals, pasture, and grass silage resulted in milk with a high concentration of α-linolenic acid (9.4 ± 0.2 mg/ kg of fatty acids), polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.66 ± 0.07 mg/kg of fatty acids), and natural stereoisomer of α-tocopherol (RRR-α-tocopherol, 18.6 ± 0.5 mg/kg of milk fat). A milk production system using a high proportion of maize silage, by-products, and commercial concentrate mix was associated with milk with high concentrations of linoleic acid (LA; 19.7 ± 0.4 g/kg of fatty acids), monounsaturated fatty acids (27.5 ± 0.3 mg/kg of fatty acids), and a high ratio between LA and α-linolenic acid (4.7 ± 0.2). Comparing these 2 production systems with a very extensive nonorganic milk production system relying on pasture as almost the sole feed (95 ± 4% dry matter intake), it was found that the concentrations of conjugated LA (cis-9,trans-11; 17.5 ± 0.7 g/kg of fatty acids), trans-11-vaccenic acid (37 ± 2 g/kg of fatty acids), and monounsaturated fatty acids (30.4 ± 0.6 g/kg of fatty acids) were higher in the extensively produced milk together with the concentration of antioxidants; total α-tocopherol (32.0 ± 0.8 mg/ kg of milk fat), RRR-α-tocopherol (30.2 ± 0.8 mg/kg of milk fat), and β-carotene (9.3 ± 0.5 mg/kg of milk fat) compared with the organic and conventional milk. Moreover, the concentration of LA (9.2 ± 0.7 g/kg of fatty acids) in milk from the extensive milk production system was found to approach the recommended unity ratio between n-6 and n-3, although extensive milk production also resulted in a lower daily milk yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials to differentiate milk composition by different feeding strategies

Slots

Butler

Leifert

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

110

125

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“…Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is one of the richest plant sources of the -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ␣-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3n-3). ALA demonstrates significant cardioprotective effects (12,13,19). ALA can also be converted in the body to the cardioprotective -3 PUFAs found in fish oils, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The α-linolenic acid content of flaxseed can prevent the atherogenic effects of dietary trans fat

Bassett

McCullough

Edel

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…However, longitudinal data in humans relating actual lesion progression and n-3 fatty acid intakes are limited, especially in women (16,17). Furthermore, the impact of ALA on CVD risk remains unresolved (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher plasma docosahexaenoic acid is associated with reduced progression of coronary atherosclerosis in women with CAD

Erkkilä

Matthan

Herrington

et al. 2006

Journal of Lipid Research

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Fish intake, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and in some cases a-linolenic acid (ALA) have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events and death. The association between n-3 fatty acids in plasma lipids and the progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis was assessed among women with established coronary artery disease (CAD). A prospective cohort study involved postmenopausal women (n 5 228) participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Trial. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at baseline and after 3.2 6 0.6 (mean 6 SD) years. Women with plasma phospholipid (PL) DHA levels above the median, compared with below, exhibited less atherosclerosis progression, as expressed by decline in minimum coronary artery diameter (20.04 6 0.02 and 20.10 6 0.02 mm, respectively; P 5 0.007) or increase in percentage stenosis (1.34 6 0.76% and 3.75 6 0.74%, respectively; P 5 0.006), and had fewer new lesions [2.0% (0.5-3.5%) of measured segments (95% confidence interval) and 4.2% (2.8-5.6%), respectively; P 5 0.009] after adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors. Similar results were observed for DHA in the triglycerides (TGs). EPA and ALA in plasma lipids were not significantly associated with atherosclerosis progression. Consistent with higher reported fish intake, higher levels of plasma TG and PL DHA are associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with CAD.-Erkkilä, A. T., N. R. Matthan, D. M. Herrington, and A. H. Lichtenstein. Higher plasma docosahexaenoic acid is associated with reduced progression of coronary atherosclerosis in women with CAD.

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Dietary Linolenic Acid Is Inversely Associated With Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Coronary Arteries

Cited by 114 publications

References 40 publications

Potentials to differentiate milk composition by different feeding strategies

Potentials to differentiate milk composition by different feeding strategies

The α-linolenic acid content of flaxseed can prevent the atherogenic effects of dietary trans fat

Higher plasma docosahexaenoic acid is associated with reduced progression of coronary atherosclerosis in women with CAD

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