Dietary low ratio of n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve type 2 diabetes mellitus via activating brown adipose tissue in male mice

Abstract

The ratio n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been caused widespread discussion. However, the best ratio and mechanism of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of different ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA diets on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and T2DM in mice. Results showed that compared with high ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA (50:1) diet, lower ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA (1:1 and 5:1) diets significantly increased BAT mass by 67.55% and 60.49%, decreased the fasting blood glucose (24.87% and 20.64%), total cholesterol (32.9% and 23.84%), triglyceride (33.51% and 29.62%), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (19.23% and 17.38%), and increased glucose tolerance by 21.99% and 15.52%. Further, qRT‐PCR analyses indicated that lower ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA diets activated BAT, increased the expression of Ucp1, β‐3AR, PPAR‐γ, cAMP, GLU1, HSL, LPL, and PGC‐1α, further improved lipid and glucose metabolism in T2DM mice. In conclusion, this study substantiated that the lower ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA (1:1 and 5:1) improve symptoms associated with T2DM via activating BAT. Practical Application Dietary ratio of n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is essential for the improvement of chronic diseases. Our current study showed that 1:1 or 5:1 ratio of n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids had better efficiency for type 2 diabetes mellitus via activating brown adipose tissue when compared with 1:50. This finding provided useful guidance for the daily diet of patients with diabetes.

Fatty acid composition and nutritional analysis of waste crude fish oil obtained by optimized milder extraction methods

“…The Σ n-6/ Σ n-3 ratio in MCFO ranged from 0.18±0.03 to 0.22±0.04 for MCFO while FCFO was at a range of 0.18±0.04 to 0.21±0.04. The present result is far better than the ratio in the typical Western diet (15:1−20:1) and within the recommended values in previous studies [47,[55][56][57]. MCFO and FCFO are potential precursors for eicosanoids synthesis [40].…”

Comparative Study of DHA with Different Molecular Forms for Ameliorating Osteoporosis by Promoting Chondrocyte-to-Osteoblast Transdifferentiation in the Growth Plate of Ovariectomized Mice

“…qRT-PCR was performed as described previously. 20 Briefly, the total mRNA of the femoral growth plate was extracted using the TRIzol reagent and then reversely transcribed into cDNA using random primers and Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Madison, WI). After cDNA synthesis, quantitative RT-PCR was performed in the Bio-Rad iCycler iQ5 system.…”

The function of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to cadmium exposure

“…Their metabolisms are based on the same enzymes, which makes them competitive. There is evidence that higher concentration of n-6 PUFAs diet could result in lower conversion rate of ALA, and conversely, high concentrations of ALA could also reduce conversion of n-6 PUFAs ( 17 – 19 ). In light of this, numerous studies have revealed that the ratio of n-3/n-6 is closely related to body health, which again highlights the importance of the ratio of healthy dietary intake.…”