Dietary oils and FADS1-FADS2 genetic variants modulate [13C]α-linolenic acid metabolism and plasma fatty acid composition

Abstract

An increase in ALA intake resulting in increased plasma EPA composition may be cardioprotective, especially in minor allele homozygotes. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00927199.

The impact of fatty acid desaturase genotype on fatty acid status and cardiovascular health in adults

“…The NU-AGE recommendations for the consumption of oily fish, as well as the provision of an αLNA-rich spread, aimed to increase total n-3 PUFA intakes and the dietary n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio of study participants. As previously discussed, although a small number of dietary interventions have been shown to modify the relationship between the FADS genotype and PUFA status (40,42,44) , none have examined the impact of a 1-year whole-diet (including significant fatty acid manipulation) intervention in older adults, a group who are likely to be in a higher state of chronic inflammation and CVD risk relative to healthy general adult population. Therefore, we aim to examine whether the NU-AGE diet could influence the relationship between the FADS genotype and plasma PUFA status in our study population.…”

“…In addition to observational analysis, the impact of FADS variants on response to LC-PUFA supplementation has also been examined. Gillingham et al carried out a randomised crossover trial in thirty-six hyperlipidemic subjects in which three diets (enriched with flaxseed oil or high-oleic acid canola oil compared with a typical Western diet) were consumed for 4 weeks and five FADS SNP were analysed (40) . Subjects with minor allele variants (rs174545, rs174583, rs174561, rs174537) had decreased desaturase activity, but an increase in αLNA intakes resulted in greater increases in plasma EPA than in major allele homozygotes consuming αLNA intakes typical of a Western diet (40) .…”

“…Gillingham et al carried out a randomised crossover trial in thirty-six hyperlipidemic subjects in which three diets (enriched with flaxseed oil or high-oleic acid canola oil compared with a typical Western diet) were consumed for 4 weeks and five FADS SNP were analysed (40) . Subjects with minor allele variants (rs174545, rs174583, rs174561, rs174537) had decreased desaturase activity, but an increase in αLNA intakes resulted in greater increases in plasma EPA than in major allele homozygotes consuming αLNA intakes typical of a Western diet (40) . Cormier et al conducted a study in 208 subjects examining the impact of fish-oil supplementation (1·9-2·2 g/d EPA and 1·1 g/d DHA) for 6 weeks and nineteen FADS SNP on plasma TAG and reported that rs174546 was associated with TAG, but no significant genotype by supplementation interaction was observed (41) .…”

Excess Linoleic Acid Increases Collagen I/III Ratio and “Stiffens” the Heart Muscle Following High Fat Diets

“…Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter fads activities do alter plasma free fatty acid profiles (58), the role of fads on cardiac events remain unclear. The reported effects with fads SNPs range from nil (59) to detrimental (9) to beneficial (60).…”

Diet-Gene Interplay: An Insight into the Association of Diet and FADS Gene Polymorphisms

“…In a randomized crossover design, Gillingham et al [29] investigated the effect of flaxseed oil (FXCO) and high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO) enriched diets and FADS gene polymorphisms on plasma fatty acid levels and [U-13C] ALA metabolism. Rs174537, rs174561, rs174545 and rs174583 were studied and minor allele carriers of all the four SNPs had lower AA in comparison to the major allele carriers.…”