Dietary pattern classifications with nutrient intake and body composition changes in Korean elderly

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older. The study subjects (n = 1,435) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2011.RESULTSThere were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study: 'Traditional Korean' (37.49% of total population), 'Meat and Alcohol' (19.65%) and 'Westernized Korean' (42.86%). The (1) 'Traditional Korean' pattern was characterized by high consumptions of white rice and low protein, low fat, and low milk products, while (2) 'Westernized Korean' pattern ate a Korean-style diet base with various foods such as noodles, bread, eggs and milk, (3) 'Meat and Alcohol' pattern had high consumptions of meat and alcohol. In body composition changes, compared with the 'Traditional Korean' pattern, the 'Meat & alcohol' pattern was associated with a 50% increased risk of having elevated BMI (kg/m2), 'Westernized Korean' pattern was associated with a 74% increased abnormality of ASM/Wt (kg) by logistics analysis. Most of the Korean adult population continues to follow ether a traditional Korean having beneficial effects for successful aging. However, the 'Traditional Korean' pattern showed low protein intake (0.7 g/kg), calcium intake, and vitamin D intake as well as low of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM (kg)) among 3 groups.CONCLUSIONSConsidering the low ASM, consumption of protein, calcium and vitamin D should be increased for Korean elderly health body composition.

Metabolic syndrome related health inequalities in Korean elderly: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHAES)

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“…Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance association with proinflammatory cytokines from adipocytes in abdominal obesity possibly accelerate loss of muscle mass and additional weight gain [ 2 ]. So, dietary pattern is important to prevent loss of muscle mass and decrease inflammation cytokines [ 9 ]. However, the Korean diet is traditionally high in plant protein like soybean and soy foods which tend to be deficient in a source of high-biological-value protein [ 9 ].…”

“…So, dietary pattern is important to prevent loss of muscle mass and decrease inflammation cytokines [ 9 ]. However, the Korean diet is traditionally high in plant protein like soybean and soy foods which tend to be deficient in a source of high-biological-value protein [ 9 ]. Therefore, consuming good quality protein such as milk products, non fatty meat, fish, or omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid is important in the elderly [ 9 ], particularly so in postmenopausal women who have a reduced intake of vitamin A, C, E, and ω-3 fatty acid [ 10 ].…”