Dietary patterns and the risk of abnormal blood lipids among young adults: A prospective cohort study

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Low whole-grain intake is found to be one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease development and progression. In this study, we focused on exploring the long-term trends of low whole-grain intake attributed to cardiovascular disease mortality in China during 1990–2019 and relative gender differences. Study data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. We used the age-period-cohort model to estimate the adjusted effect of age, period, and cohorts. Annual and average annual percentage changes were estimated by joinpoint regression analysis. We observed an increasing trend with a net drift of 1.208% for males and 0.483% for males per year. The longitudinal age curve suggested that the attributed rate increased for both genders. Period and cohort effects all suggested that the risk for males showed an increased trend that was higher than that of females. Our findings suggest that males and senior-aged people were at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality attributed to low whole-grain intake. Effective strategies are needed to enhance people’s health consciousness, and increasing whole-grain intake may achieve a better preventive effect for cardiovascular disease.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Attributable to Low Whole-Grain Intake in CHINA: An Age-Period-Cohort and Joinpoint Analysis

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

“…It has been shown that specific dietary patterns obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire are associated with changes in the TG/HDL-C ratio and ultimately with a reduced risk for DM [ 30 ]. In addition, in a randomized open-labeled trial, the consumption of fresh fish significantly reduced the TG/HDL-C ratio among patients with hyperlipidemia [ 32 ], and finally, a prospective cohort found that a greater adherence to the Western diet pattern increased the TG/HDL-C ratio and predicted a higher risk for abnormal lipids overall [ 31 ]. However, while the effect of different dietary patterns on lipid composition has been established, the influence of various diet compositions on weight loss is somewhat controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of different dietary patterns on the lipid profile, particularly on the TG/HDL-C ratio, have been previously explored [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. It has been reported that greater adherence to an unhealthy Western diet predicts an increased risk of abnormal blood lipids [ 31 ], that the atherogenic TG/HDL-C ratio is reduced significantly by the consumption of fresh fish [ 32 ], and that certain dietary patterns are associated with a low TG/HDL-C ratio and a lower risk for DM [ 30 ]. Furthermore, metabolic surgery in obese individuals has been shown to significantly reduce TG levels and the TG/HDL-C ratio [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Interventional Weight Changes Are Associated with Alterations in Lipid Profiles and in the Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio

Weinstein,

Maor,

Kaplan

et al. 2024

Nutrients

Background: Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, and weight loss can improve obese patients’ lipid profile. Here, we assessed whether non-interventional weight changes are associated with alterations in lipid profile, particularly the triglyceride (TG)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (TG/HDL-C). Methods: In this retrospective analysis of subjects referred to medical screening, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG, and HDL-C levels were measured annually. Patients were divided according to BMI changes between visits. The primary outcomes were the changes in LDL-C, TG, HDL-C, and the TG/HDL-C ratio between visits. Results: The final analysis included 18,828 subjects. During the year of follow-up, 9.3% of the study population lost more than 5% of their weight and 9.2% gained more than 5% of their weight. The effect of weight changes on TG and on the TG/HDL-C ratio was remarkable. Patients with greater BMI increases showed greater increases in their TG/HDL-C ratio, and conversely, a decreased BMI level had lower TG/HDL-C ratios. This is true even for moderate changes of more than 2.5% in BMI. Conclusions: Non-interventional weight changes, even modest ones, are associated with significant alterations in the lipid profile. Understanding that modest, non-interventional weight changes are associated with alterations in the TG/HDL-C ratio may aid in better risk stratification and primary prevention of CV morbidity and mortality.

“…In a cohort study on northern Chinese adults, the dietary pattern characterized by high amounts of snacks was positively associated with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia [ 50 ]. According to a prospective cohort study conducted in Australia, a higher intake of the Western dietary pattern was associated with increased risks of elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as higher total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides:HDL-cholesterol ratios [ 51 ]. A cross-sectional study involving 4,202 young adults in Southern Brazil found that a dietary pattern primarily comprising processed foods was positively associated with LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol in men [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression are associated with lipid disorders among Korean adults: a cross-sectional analysis

Kim,

Shin,

Song

2024

Lipids Health Dis

Background Lipid disorders are a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the intake of dietary fatty acids has been closely related to blood lipid levels. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between dietary patterns related to fatty acid intake and lipid disorders in Korean adults. Methods From the 2013–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data, 8399 men and 11404 women (aged ≥ 19 years) were selected. Reduced rank regression was employed to identify dietary patterns from 26 food groups, aiming to explain the maximum variation in the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids, and the PUFA/SFA ratio. Associations of quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores with lipid disorders were examined using multiple logistic regression stratified by sex. Results Three dietary patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 showed positive factor loadings for vegetable oils, seasonings, legumes, nuts, and fish; dietary pattern 2 was high in consumption of red meat, bread and snacks, and milk and dairy products; and dietary pattern 3 was rich in fish and milk and dairy products. In men, dietary pattern 3 was inversely associated with elevated triglycerides (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69–0.97, P-trend = 0.008). In women, dietary pattern 2 was positively associated with elevated total cholesterol (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12–1.52, P-trend < 0.001) but inversely associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59–0.83, P-trend < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, dietary patterns explaining the intake of various types of fatty acids were differentially associated with lipid disorders in Korean adults. Dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of red meat, bread and snacks and milk and dairy products were positively associated with elevated total cholesterol, whereas dietary pattern rich in fish consumption showed an inverse association with elevated triglycerides. These findings could be instrumental in developing dietary guidelines and strategies for preventing and managing lipid disorders in this population.