Dietary Phytochemicals as Neurotherapeutics for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Plausible Mechanism and Evidence

Bhandari, Ranjana; Paliwal, Jyoti; Kuhad, Anurag

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30402-7_23

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Under pathological conditions (e.g., enhanced oxidative stress), IKKβ was activated, causing phosphorylation of NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IkBα). Subsequently, NF-κB will migrate to the nucleus and bind to its region, which leads to transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α (23,24). Interestingly, there is an interaction between the Nrf2/ARE pathway and the NF-κB pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nrf2 Activators as Dietary Phytochemicals Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Yang

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with limited available treatments and diverse causes. In ASD patients, numerous researches demonstrated various alterations in inflammation/immune, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and these alterations could be regulated by Nrf2. Hence, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence about the effects of Nrf2 activator supplementation on ASD objects from in vitro studies, animal studies, and clinical studies. Relevant articles were retrieved through searching for the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scope, Embase, and CNKI databases (through September 23, 2020). Ultimately, we identified 22 preclinical studies, one cell culture study, and seven clinical studies, covering a total of five Nrf2 activators. For each Nrf2 activator, we focused on its definition, potential therapeutic mechanisms, latest research progress, research limitations, and future development directions. Our systematic review provided suggestive evidence that Nrf2 activators have a potentially beneficial role in improving autism-like behaviors and abnormal molecular alterations through oxidant stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These dietary phytochemicals are considered to be relatively safer and effective for ASD treatment. However, there are few clinical studies to support the Nrf2 activators as dietary phytochemicals in ASD, even though several preclinical studies. Therefore, caution should be warranted in attempting to extrapolate their effects in human studies, and better design and more rigorous research are required before they can be determined as a therapeutic option.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nrf2 Activators as Dietary Phytochemicals Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Yang

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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“…There are no available treatments for these physiological comorbidities. In the last years, several natural compounds like RSV, curcumin, or sulforaphane have been demonstrated to be effective against oxidative stress and immune function [50]. Specifically, RSV has been taken in consideration for brain diseases not just for its interesting biochemical features but also the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Behavioral and Molecular Effects

2020

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Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic stillbenoid with significant anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties recently tested in animal models of several neurological diseases. Altered immune alteration and oxidative stress have also been found in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and these alterations could add to the pathophysiology associated with ASD. We reviewed the current evidence about the effects of RSV administration in animal models and in patients with ASD. RSV administration improves the core-symptoms (social impairment and stereotyped activity) in animal models and it also displays beneficial effects in other behavioral abnormalities such as hyperactivity, anxiety and cognitive function. The molecular mechanisms by which RSV restores or improves behavioral abnormalities in animal models encompass both normalization of central and peripheral immune alteration and oxidative stress markers and new molecular mechanisms such as expression of cortical gamma-amino butyric acid neurons, certain type of miRNAs that regulate spine growth. One randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) suggested that RSV add-on risperidone therapy improves comorbid hyperactivity/non-compliance, whereas no effects where seen in core symptoms of ASD No RCTs about the effect of RSV as monotherapy have been performed and the results from preclinical studies encourage its feasibility. Further clinical trials should also identify those ASD patients with immune alterations and/or with increased oxidative stress markers that would likely benefit from RSV administration.

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“…Indeed, sulforaphane given to autistic children improve their behavioral phenotype. Moreover, although the mechanism of action is not known, sulforaphane is described as modulating oxidative stress, methylation, or apoptosis, and to be a potent neuroprotective molecule [170][171][172][173][174]. Overall, the identification of this molecule supports a beneficial role of low GI diet in ASD.…”

Section: Others: Dementia Depression Mental Health…mentioning

confidence: 95%

<em>Mens sana in corpore sano:</em> Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play?

Carneiro¹,

Leloup²

2020

Preprint

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Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, through cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations applied to almost all diseases. Among those disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease or Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered as putatively improved by diet intervention. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods, and how they can affect various physiological function. Several results provide indications of efficiency of low glycemic index diets in weight management, insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving glycemic index could provide new insight in the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review we will summarize main evidences on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.

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Dietary Phytochemicals as Neurotherapeutics for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Plausible Mechanism and Evidence

Cited by 18 publications

References 160 publications

Nrf2 Activators as Dietary Phytochemicals Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Nrf2 Activators as Dietary Phytochemicals Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Resveratrol in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Behavioral and Molecular Effects

<em>Mens sana in corpore sano:</em> Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play?

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