Dietary Polyphenols—Important Non-Nutrients in the Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. A Systematic Review

Abstract

The improvement of the social and economic conditions of society has eliminated the threat of death from the majority of infectious diseases. However, the rapid progress of civilization has created new possibilities for the appearance of factors with adverse effects for the health of society. This has led to increased morbidity from certain diseases, the presence of which had not been observed several centuries ago. Chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g., cancers, cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases) result from an inappropriate relationship between people and their environment. The common characteristic for all chronic diseases is a “new” form of inflammation, very often called metaflammation, which is considered as a subclinical, permanent inflammation. As a result, metabolic cascade, including cellular oxidative stress, atherosclerotic process, and insulin resistance, occurs, which slowly generates significant deterioration in the organism. Polyphenols are the major group of non-nutrients, considering their diversity, food occurrence, and biological properties. The current review aims to present a wide spectrum of literature data, including the molecular mechanism of their activity and experimental model used, and summarize the recent findings on the multitude of physiological effects of dietary polyphenols towards the prevention of several chronic diseases. However, despite several studies, the estimation of their dietary intake is troublesome and inconclusive, which will be also discussed.

Olive‐Oil‐Derived Polyphenols Effectively Attenuate Inflammatory Responses of Human Keratinocytes by Interfering with the NF‐κB Pathway

“…By demonstrating that EVOO phenols exert anti‐inflammatory effects on human keratinocytes, our study not only extends these previous findings to also encompass HTy‐Ac, but it shows that human keratinocytes are direct targets of EVOO phenols, which appears translationally interesting in the context of inflammatory skin disorders, as also encouraged by the mentioned studies investigating the potential use of olive oil‐derived compounds in the field of dermatology …”

“…In fact, natural products have already revolutionized the management of several diseases in medical practice . Polyphenols, compounds with at least one aromatic ring with a hydroxyl group attached to it, are active constituents among plant‐derived natural products and exhibit important in vitro and in vivo properties, including anti‐aging, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetes, anti‐hypercholesterolemia, and anticancer …”

New Insights into Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Insulin Resistance Based on Signaling Pathways

“…The number of aromatic rings and functional groups of these phenol structures underlie the unique chemical, physical and biological (toxic, metabolic and therapeutic, etc.) properties …”

Constituents and Metabolites of a French Oak Wood Extract (Robuvit®) in Serum and Blood Cell Samples of Women Undergoing Hysterectomy

“…Polyphenols are a structurally diverse group of secondary plant metabolites, which are regularly ingested by humans via vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Numerous studies investigating the impact of polyphenol-rich diets attributed these nutritional components health-promoting effects such as in cardiovascular and metabolic disease prevention as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities (Koch, 2019).…”