Dietary Protein Intake and Determinants in Māori and Non-Māori Octogenarians. Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu: Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand

Abstract

Protein intake, food sources and distribution are important in preventing age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. The prevalence and determinants of low protein intake, food sources and mealtime distribution were examined in 214 Māori and 360 non-Māori of advanced age using two 24 h multiple pass recalls. The contribution of food groups to protein intake was assessed. Low protein intake was defined as ≤0.75 g/kg for women and ≤0.86 g/kg for men. A logistic regression model was built to explore predictors of low protein intake. A third of both women (30.9%) and men (33.3%) had a low protein intake. The main food group sources were beef/veal, fish/seafood, milk, bread though they differed by gender and ethnicity. For women and men respectively protein intake (g/meal) was lowest at breakfast (10.1 and 13.0), followed by lunch (14.5 and 17.8) and dinner (23.3 and 34.2). Being a woman (p = 0.003) and having depressive symptoms (p = 0.029) were associated with consuming less protein. In adjusted models the odds of adequate protein intake were higher in participants with their own teeth or partial dentures (p = 0.036). Findings highlight the prevalence of low protein intake, uneven mealtime protein distribution and importance of dentition for adequate protein intake among adults in advanced age.

Protein intake, distribution, and sources in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

“…A study conducted in age-advanced Māori (81-91 years) and non-Māori (85 years) showed that 36% and 43% Māori females and males consumed less than the EAR for protein for adults aged 70 years or more (0.75 g/kg BW/day (females), 0.86 g/kg BW/day (males)). This was lower in non-Māori (28% females, 29% males) [50]. In the present study, no females (aged between 65 and 70 years) had a protein intake of < 0.60 g/kg BW, while 3.7% of males had a protein intake of < 0.68 g/kg BW.…”

Exploring Oral Function, Protein Intake, and Risk of Sarcopenia: A Scoping Review

“…Research has shown that intervention with dietary protein coupled with physical activity can increase muscle protein synthesis. To maintain muscle protein synthesis, a protein intake of 1.2 g/kg/d with 20 to 25 g with each meal has been suggested ( Bollwein et al 2013 ; Cruz-Jentoft et al 2014 ), yet data identified in this review showed a lower tooth count was associated with protein intakes below 0.8 g/kg/d ( Mendonça et al 2018 ), and wearing dentures was associated with not meeting the estimated average requirement (the amount estimated to be adequate for 50% of a population) of 0.75 g/kg body weight ( Ram et al 2020 ). More attention is needed to support patients with tooth loss to consume adequate protein intake.…”

“…This included 3 narrative reviews/opinion pieces ( Azzolino et al 2019 ; Fujishima et al 2019 ; Watanabe et al 2020 ) that did not include any original data. Remaining studies ( n = 29) were grouped according to review questions into those that reported on the impact of oral health on 1) intake of protein ( n = 7) ( Sheiham et al 2001 ; Zhu and Hollis 2014 ; Okada et al 2015 ; Iwasaki et al 2016 ; Mendonça et al 2018 ; Nagano et al 2020 ; Ram et al 2020 ) and 2) measures of sarcopenia ( n = 22) ( Okada et al 2010 ; Moriya et al 2011 ; Gaszynska et al 2014 ; Murakami et al 2015 ; Gaszynska et al 2017 ; Iwasaki et al 2017 ; Machida et al 2017 ; Sakai, Nakayama, Tohara, Kodama, et al 2017 ; Sakai, Nakayama, Tohara, Maeda, et al 2017 ; Shiraishi et al 2017 ; Takahashi et al 2018 ; van den Heuven et al 2019 ; Yamaguchi et al 2019 ; Abe et al 2021 ; Chang et al 2021 ; Kugimiya et al 2021 ; Matsuo et al 2021 ; Nishioka et al 2021 ; Shimizu et al 2021 ; Yoshida et al 2022 ; González-Fernández et al 2021 ). No studies were identified that reported the association between oral health measures and both intake of protein and a measure of sarcopenia.…”

“…No studies were identified that reported the association between oral health measures and both intake of protein and a measure of sarcopenia. Of the 7 studies that reported on the impact of oral health on intake of protein, 1 was an intervention study ( Nagano et al 2020 ), 1 was a cohort study ( Iwasaki et al 2016 ), and 5 studies had cross-sectional data ( Sheiham et al 2001 ; Zhu and Hollis 2014 ; Okada et al 2015 ; Mendonça et al 2018 ; Ram et al 2020 ). Three studies were of Japanese populations ( Okada et al 2015 ; Iwasaki et al 2016 ; Nagano et al 2020 ), 2 of UK populations ( Sheiham et al 2001 ; Mendonça et al 2018 ), 1 of a US population ( Zhu and Hollis 2014 ), and 1 from New Zealand ( Ram et al 2020 ).…”

“…Of the 7 studies that reported on the impact of oral health on intake of protein, 1 was an intervention study ( Nagano et al 2020 ), 1 was a cohort study ( Iwasaki et al 2016 ), and 5 studies had cross-sectional data ( Sheiham et al 2001 ; Zhu and Hollis 2014 ; Okada et al 2015 ; Mendonça et al 2018 ; Ram et al 2020 ). Three studies were of Japanese populations ( Okada et al 2015 ; Iwasaki et al 2016 ; Nagano et al 2020 ), 2 of UK populations ( Sheiham et al 2001 ; Mendonça et al 2018 ), 1 of a US population ( Zhu and Hollis 2014 ), and 1 from New Zealand ( Ram et al 2020 ). All 22 studies that reported on an association between oral health exposure and measures of sarcopenia included cross-sectional analysis (see Appendix Table 2 ).…”