Dietary Restriction and Nutrient Balance in Aging

Abstract

Dietary regimens that favour reduced calorie intake delay aging and age-associated diseases. New evidences revealed that nutritional balance of dietary components without food restriction increases lifespan. Particular nutrients as several nitrogen sources, proteins, amino acid, and ammonium are implicated in life and healthspan regulation in different model organisms from yeast to mammals. Aging and dietary restriction interact through partially overlapping mechanisms in the activation of the conserved nutrient-signalling pathways, mainly the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) and the Target Of Rapamycin (TOR). The specific nutrients of dietary regimens, their balance, and how they interact with different genes and pathways are currently being uncovered. Taking into account that dietary regimes can largely influence overall human health and changes in risk factors such as cholesterol level and blood pressure, these new findings are of great importance to fully comprehend the interplay between diet and humans health.

Practical alternatives to chronic caloric restriction for optimizing vascular function with ageing

“…The mechanism by which decreased total protein intake or dietary restriction of the amino acid methionine is linked to extension of lifespan in model organisms is thought to be mediated by the suppression of the mTOR pathway (Santos et al . ). In humans, reduced dietary intake of protein is associated with a reduction in all‐cause mortality in younger adults, whereas higher protein intake appears to be protective in older individuals (Levine et al .…”

Cellular Aging Characteristics and Their Association with Age-Related Disorders

“…Dietary restrictions and hormone levels can strongly affect longevity in all organisms [79]. Metabolism in mammalians is regulated at multiple levels by hormone actions, and intricate feedback [80].…”

Saponin‐rich extracts fromHolothuria leucospilotamediate lifespan extension and stress resistance inCaenorhabditis elegansviadaf‐16

“…Loss of stress resistance, genomic instability, proteostasis dysregulation, and high risk of infection are the major hallmarks of aging (López‐Otín, Blasco, Partridge, Serrano, & Kroemer, ). Numerous researches have revealed the mechanisms of longevity in which lifespan could be affected by genes regulating the oxidative defense system (Rizvi & Maurya, ), cell death (Qian & Chen, ), DNA repair (Nicolai et al, ), and metabolic activities (Santos, Leitão‐Correia, Sousa, & Leão, ). Moreover, the intrinsic rate of aging can also be exacerbated by extrinsic factors including environmental pollution, UV irradiation, and malnutrition or poor diets (Farage, Miller, Elsner, & Maibach, ).…”