Dietary selenium affects host selenoproteome expression by influencing the gut microbiota

Abstract

Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract and composition of the microbiota may be influenced by components of the diet, including trace elements. To understand how selenium regulates the intestinal microflora, we used high-throughput sequencing to examine the composition of gut microbiota of mice maintained on selenium-deficient, selenium-sufficient, and selenium-enriched diets. The microbiota diversity increased as a result of selenium in the diet. Specific phylotypes showed differential effects of selenium, even within a genus, implying that selenium had unique effects across microbial taxa. Conventionalized germ-free mice subjected to selenium diets gave similar results and showed an increased diversity of the bacterial population in animals fed with higher levels of selenium. Germ-free mice fed selenium diets modified their selenoproteome expression similar to control mice but showed higher levels and activity of glutathione peroxidase 1 and methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase 1 in the liver, suggesting partial sequestration of selenium by the gut microorganisms, limiting its availability for the host. These changes in the selenium status were independent of the levels of other trace elements. The data show that dietary selenium affects both composition of the intestinal microflora and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, which, in turn, influence the host selenium status and selenoproteome expression.

Role of Selenium from Different Sources in Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Syndrome in Broiler Chickens

“…Safdari-Rostamabad et al observed significantly greater jejunal villus height and crypt depth with 1.2 mg/kg nano-selenium supplementation in broiler chickens [30]. Dietary selenium affects both composition of the intestinal microflora and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, which in turn influence the host selenium status and selenoproteome expression [32]. Harmful oxygen and nitrogen free radicals are produced during Se deficiency, while the antioxidant capacity in the intestine reduces, which together result in oxidative damage to chicken intestinal tissues [33].…”

The Role of Selenium in Inflammation and Immunity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

“…Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and EHEC (e.g., E. coli O157:H7) are food-borne pathogens that are the causative agents for human diseases ranging from diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. A recent study demonstrated an interesting effect of Se status on the composition of gut microbiota in mice (124). The diversity of intestinal microflora increased with increased Se intake, and there was potential competition between gut micobiota and the hosts for usage of available Se.…”

Malnutrition, Immunodeficiency, and Mucosal Infection

“…Attempts to enhance gastrointestinal development and protect against infection and necrotizing enterocolitis have included use of prebiotics and probiotics, which bolster development of the microbiota. A recent study showed that although enteral supplementation with a prebiotic mixture of neutral and Protein calorie malnutrition, dietary deficiency (Moynahan, 1974;Stevens and Lubitz, 1998), high phytate (Moynahan, 1974;Stevens and Lubitz, 1998), transport deficiency (Moynahan, 1974;Stevens and Lubitz, 1998) Supplementation in infection (Stafford et al, 2013) Prenatal maternal supplement (Shah and Sachdev, 2006;Wieringa et al, 2010) Maternal supplementation (Terrin et al, 2013) Infant supplementation (Osendarp et al, 2007;Osendarp et al, 2006) Thymic atrophy, lymphopenia altered T-cell subsets, (Youn et al, 2008;Smith et al, 2008) Humans (Chen, 2012) HIV-1 infection (Shah and Sachdev, 2006;Wieringa et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2008) ↑Microbial diversity, composition, & colonization (Kasaikina et al, 2011) Required for glutathione peroxidase activity ↓NF-κB activity, enhanced virulence of coxsackie B virus Deficiency in HIV-1 linked to progression, antiretroviral therapy increased levels acidic oligosaccharides did increase early postnatal intestinal colonization with a trend toward increased bifidobacteria, extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics counteracted the growth of all intestinal microbiota and delayed normal microbiota development (Westerbeek et al, 2013).…”