Dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall improves the gastrointestinal development of weaned calves

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of yeast cell wall (YCW) on the gastrointestinal development of weaned calves. Twenty healthy Holstein male calves (BW = 92 ± 8.29 kg and 60 ± 5 d of age) were randomly allocated into 2 groups: CON with no YCW, and YCW (accounted for 0.16% of the basal diet). The dietary concentrate-to-roughage ratio was 40:60. All the calves were fed regularly twice a day at 09:00 and 16:00 and had free access to water. The experiment lasted for 60 d. The results showed that calves fed YCW showed higher ( P < 0.05) length, width, and surface area of papillae in the ventral sac of the rumen as compared to CON. For the dorsal sac of the rumen, the muscularis thickness was thicker ( P < 0.05) in the YCW group when compared with CON group. The villus height of YCW calves was higher ( P < 0.05) than that of CON in the ileum. Calves supplemented with YCW also showed a higher ( P < 0.05) villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the ileum. The YCW calves exhibited a greater ( P < 0.05) thickness of the wall in the duodenum and jejunum. Calves supplemented with YCW improved ( P < 0.05) the claudin 1 mRNA expression in the ileum and occludin mRNA expression in the jejunum and ileum. The YCW increased ( P < 0.05) the contents of secretory immunoglobulin A in the jejunum and ileum of calves. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with YCW could improve the gastrointestinal development of weaned calves.

Influence of Yeast Products on Modulating Metabolism and Immunity in Cattle and Swine

“…Additionally, increases in villus height and crypt depth, both measures of intestinal health, have been found in weaned pigs supplemented with yeast [ 16 ]. In weaned dairy calves, YCW supplementation improved the development of the GI tract [ 17 ]. The combination of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and the probiotic Bacillus licheniformis reduced the permeability of the small intestine in pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88, demonstrating improved intestinal integrity and barrier function [ 18 ].…”

Effects of a yeast-derived product on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of broilers

“…Moreover, supplementing above yeast feed continuously at 100 mg/kg could enhance the overall feed efficiency by 21 point in challenged turkeys. In addition, plentiful researches displayed that yeast culture and yeast cell wall components showed positive effects on growth performance in different animals ( Gao et al., 2008 ; Ma et al., 2020 ; Sun et al., 2020 ). The beneficial effects of YC-EHY on growth performance of broiler chickens might be due to that the yeast-derived additive or its components could improve health responses, immune, and anti-inflammatory effects in animals, as previously reported ( Salinas-Chavira et al., 2018 ; Silva et al., 2018 ; Bu et al., 2020 ).…”

“…(2008) showed that the balance between anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines is important in SIgA and IgG productions. Thus, researchers showed that supplementing yeast-derived products could decrease the mRNA expression levels of intestinal proinflammatory genes, thereby improving intestinal barrier function and immune status in animals ( Alizadeh et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2016b ; Li et al., 2017 ; Ma et al., 2020 ), which probably indirectly promoted the production of immunoglobulin. Interestingly, Lessard et al.…”

“…Yeast-derived products, such as yeast cell call ( Wang et al., 2017 ; Ma et al., 2020 ), yeast hydrolysate ( Fu et al, 2019 ; Rahimnejad et al., 2020 ), dried yeast extracts ( Kim et al., 2019b ), and yeast culture ( Samarasinghe et al, 2004 ; Sun et al., 2020 ), are natural feed additives that have been used in animals for decades. Supplementing animals with yeast cell wall improved the growth performance, digestive function, and antioxidant capacity of animals ( Li et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2017 ; Salinas-Chavira et al., 2018 ).…”

Active dry yeast supplementation improves the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and immune response of weaned beef calves

“…Calves are the future of beef cattle farming, and this stage is vital to the production performance of beef cattle in the future. Early weaning of calves can improve the reproductive performance of adult cattle and speed up the ruminal development of calves ( Ma et al., 2020 ). In recent years, early weaning was commonly conducted in rearing calves of commercial beef cattle farms.…”