Dietary supplementation with anti–IL-10 antibody during a severe Eimeria challenge in broiler chickens

Abstract

Attenuation of host IL-10 activity during Eimeria infection may elicit a robust Th1 response to eliminate the parasite from the gut epithelium. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding IL-10 neutralizing antibody delivered via a dried egg product ( DEP ) on growth performance, immune responsivity, and gut health outcomes during a severe challenge with either Eimeria acervulina (study 1) or Eimeria tenella (study 2) following FDA CVM #217 protocol to test anticoccidial products. A total of 720 male Ross 308 chicks were used in each study, with 15 replicate cages of 12 birds and the following 4 treatments: sham-inoculated (uninfected) control diet ( UCON ), Eimeria -infected control diet ( ICON ), and Eimeria -infected control diet supplemented with DEP at 2 levels (165 [I-165] or 287 [I-287] U/tonne in study 1 and 143 [I-143] or 287 [I-287] U/tonne in study 2). Individual birds assigned to infected treatment groups received a single oral dose of either 200,000 E. acervulina (study 1) or 80,000 E. tenella (study 2) oocysts at 12 d of age (i.e., d post inoculation [ DPI ] 0), whereas uninfected birds were sham-inoculated with tap water. A one-way ANOVA was performed on outcomes including growth performance, hematology, serum chemistry profiles, immunophenotyping profiles, and intestinal lesion scores. In both studies, DPI 0 to 7 weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were worse ( P < 0.05) in all infected groups compared with the UCON group. Compared with ICON, DEP supplementation elicited no differences on overall growth performance. Histopathology and lesion scores revealed severe damage to the gut epithelium owing to the Eimeria challenge, yet DEP supplementation did not improve these outcomes or oocyst shedding, hematological measurements, or serum chemistry. However, DEP supplementation improved ( P < 0.05) the percentage of circulating CD3 + cells at 6 DPI in study 2. These results indicate that DEP does not appear to elicit a coccidiostatic effect during a severe infection with E. acervulina or E. tenella .

Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis model may have a greater impact than dietary anti-interleukin-10 on broiler chicken systemic immunometabolic responses

“…Previous work evaluating immune responses to anti-IL-10 have emphasized the direct effect of the antibody on luminal and mucosal IL-10 within the intestine; however, how these changes might translate to systemic responses is undetermined. In research using field-strain E. acervulina and E. tenella , anti-IL-10 did not protect bird performance like in previous studies, but increased circulating T lymphocyte populations, suggesting that anti-IL-10 physiological effects can still be observed in the absence of preserved production performance ( Rasheed et al, 2020 ).…”

Effects of a coccidiosis challenge on dietary methionine recommendations in broilers

“…Increased CPK levels are associated with muscle and liver stress ( Bhavnani et al, 2010 ), which can occur from damage due to coccidiosis and increased AA catabolism due to unbalanced AA ratios ( Emmert and Baker, 1997 ). Therefore, we expected both factors to increase CPK levels, as research on coccidiosis in rabbits revealed increased CPK levels ( Lebda et al, 2011 ); however, Abdul Rasheed et al (2020) found no effect of coccidiosis infection on serum enzymes in broilers.…”

“…Intestinal samples collected during Trial 2 were examined for histopathological lesions and presence of coccidia by a board-certified histopathologist (Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology, LLC, Fort Valley, VA) who always remained blinded to experimental treatment identity. Intestinal coccidia and lesions were scored on a 0-5 scale according to the lesion panel as previously described in Abdul Rasheed et al (2020) .…”

“…Due to consumer preferences and concerns about antimicrobial resistance, the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis is a current challenge to the industry and a topic of keen scientific interest. Nutritional interventions have been proposed to aid in the mitigation of coccidiosis and minimizing performance losses, including investigations of dietary nutrient densities, especially of amino acids ( AA [ Lee et al, 2011 ; Rochell et al, 2016 ; Rochell et al, 2017 ; Jespersen et al, 2023 ]), feeding isolated immune components ( Abdul Rasheed et al, 2020 ), and mineral supplementation ( Rochell et al, 2017 ).…”

Dietary supplementation of sulfur amino acids improves intestinal immunity to Eimeria in broilers treated with anti-interleukin-10 antibody

“…However, they each have shortcomings such as the long duration for vaccination efficacy or the emergence of antibiotic resistance ( Nataliya et al., 2019 ; Noack et al., 2019 ). In the future, if anti-IL-10 is commercialized as a new approach for coccidiosis control ( Cook et al., 2016 ), then considerable benefits will be obtained by providing optimal sulfur amino acids as a dietary supplement to enhance the effectiveness of anti-IL-10 ( Abdul-Rasheed et al., 2020 ; Kadykalo et al., 2018 ).…”