Dietary trans‐cinnamic acid application for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): II. Effect on antioxidant status, digestive enzyme, blood biochemistry and liver antioxidant gene expression responses

Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of dietary trans‐cinnamic acid (TrCin) on growth performance, biochemical composition, fatty acid composition, blood biochemistry, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme and liver antioxidant gene (EF1α, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, GPX4, GR and GST) expression responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Five experimental groups of fish with mean weights of 17.49 ± 0.08 g were used in the study; four of them were fed with TrCin‐supplemented diets (0.25 g/kg TrCin25, 0.50 g/kg TrCin50, 0.75 g/kg TrCin75 and 1.50 g/kg TrCin150), whereas an additive‐free basal diet served as the control (Cntr). At the end of the 60‐day feeding trial, the growth performance, biochemical composition and fatty acid composition were similar for all experimental groups. A decrease was observed in intestinal and stomach pH, serum triglyceride and AST, ALT, LDH and ALP levels in fish fed with especially 0.50 g/kg TrCin‐supplemented diet. Moreover, dietary TrCin especially at 0.50 g/kg incorporation level significantly increased the serum SOD and liver SOD2, CAT, GST, GPX1, GPX4 and GR gene expression responses. As a conclusion, feeding rainbow trout for a period of 60 days with a diet containing 0.50 g/kg TrCin might be sufficiently enough to improve the levels of antioxidant enzymes and health status in fish.

Effects of dietary p ‐coumaric acid on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, humoral immunity and immune‐related gene expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

“…The CA possibly improved the growth and feed utilization via increased digestive enzymes activity. The results of the present study have further confirmed this hypothesis, where the measured digestive enzymes revealed that amylase and lipase activities were improved by CA feeding (Yılmaz et al, 2019). The CA seems to be a nutritious ingredient and has attraction prosperities, which increased the palatability of the diets and, in turn, enhanced the feed intake (Awad & Awaad, 2017; Ozdal et al, 2016).…”

Effect of dietary carob (Ceratonia siliqua) syrup on blood parameters, gene expression responses and ammonia resistance in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Therefore, the addition of various additives as an alternative to antibiotics is an issue that is currently being investigated. In recent years, natural feed additives have been used to improve fish growth performance, antioxidant status and disease resistance (Galina, Yin, Ardo, and Jeney (2009); Van Hai, 2015;Aanyu, Betancor, & Monroig, 2018;Acar et al, 2018;Dawood, Koshio, & Esteban, 2018;Yılmaz, Ergun, Şanver Çelik, Yigit, & Bayizit, 2019). Tilapia is an economically important species; its annual production has reached 5.9 million tons (FAO, 2018).…”

EDTA detoxifies heavy metals on exposed beluga ( Huso huso ) with pollution stress: Growth performance, immunohaematology, blood biochemistry and antioxidant activity

“…More works are needed to illustrate this point. The positive effect of other acidifiers such as trans‐cinnamic acid (Yılmaz et al, 2019), sodium acetate (Safari, Hoseinifar, Dadar, Nejadmoghaddam et al, 2020) and malic acid (Safari, Hoseinifar, Dadar, 2020) in the improvement of antioxidant activities in fish is well‐known. When we match the antioxidant enzymes and liver function enzymes, it can be concluded that EDTA helped beluga to keep homeostasis related to oxidative stress at an optimum level.…”

“…More works are needed to illustrate this point. The positive effect of other acidifiers such as trans-cinnamic acid (Yılmaz et al, 2019), sodium acetate (Safari, Hoseinifar, Dadar, Nejadmoghaddam et al, 2020) and malic acid in the improvement of antioxidant activities in fish is well-known. When we match the antioxidant enzymes and F I G U R E 4 Blood biochemistry (creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP) in the serum of beluga fed experimental diets containing different EDTA levels before and after exposure to heavy metals for eight weeks.…”