Dietary Vaccenic Acid Has Antiatherogenic Effects in LDLr−/− Mice

Bassett, Chantal M. C.; Edel, Andrea L.; Patenaude, Amanda F.; McCullough, Richelle S.; Blackwood, David P.; Chouinard, P.Y.; Paquin, Paul; Lamarche, Benoı̂t; Pierce, Grant N.

doi:10.3945/jn.109.105163

Cited by 98 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Overall, there appears to be little if any increased risk of CVD from consumption of ruminant TFA, at least at current intakes. This conclusion appears to be supported by a recent study in mice, which confirmed that consuming a trans-9, C18:1-rich diet stimulates atherosclerosis, whereas consumption of a trans-11, C18:1-rich butter provides protection (Bassett et al, 2010). Confirmation in human studies is needed.…”

Section: Milk and Dairy Products As Sources Of Trans-fatty Acids (Tfa)mentioning

confidence: 77%

Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Givens

2010

Animal

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Foods derived from animals are an important source of nutrients in the diet but there is considerable uncertainty about whether or not these foods contribute to increased risk of various chronic diseases. For milk in particular there appears to be an enormous mismatch between both the advice given on milk/dairy foods items by various authorities and public perceptions of harm from the consumption of milk and dairy products, and the evidence from long-term prospective cohort studies. Such studies provide convincing evidence that increased consumption of milk can lead to reductions in the risk of vascular disease and possibly some cancers and of an overall survival advantage from the consumption of milk, although the relative effect of milk products is unclear. Accordingly, simply reducing milk consumption in order to reduce saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake is not likely to produce benefits overall though the production of dairy products with reduced SFA contents is likely to be helpful. For red meat there is no evidence of increased risk of vascular diseases though processed meat appears to increase the risk substantially. There is still conflicting and inconsistent evidence on the relationship between consumption of red meat and the development of colorectal cancer, but this topic should not be ignored. Likewise, the role of poultry meat and its products as sources of dietary fat and fatty acids is not fully clear. There is concern about the likely increase in the prevalence of dementia but there are few data on the possible benefits or risks from milk and meat consumption. The future role of animal nutrition in creating foods closer to the optimum composition for long-term human health will be increasingly important. Overall, the case for increased milk consumption seems convincing, although the case for high-fat dairy products and red meat is not. Processed meat products do seem to have negative effects on long-term health and although more research is required, these effects do need to be put into the context of other risk factors to long-term health such as obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption.Keywords: milk, meat, chronic disease, animal nutrition ImplicationsIncreasing obesity and an ageing population increase the risk of chronic disease and its associated financial cost substantially. Diet is a modifier of risk and since milk, meat and their products are staple components of most Western diets, it is very important to understand whether these foods increase or decrease the risk of chronic disease. Milk appears to provide some worthwhile reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer and while this needs further understanding, the implications for milk production and milk consumers are potentially very substantial. There remains uncertainty about the effects of red meat and processed meat in the diet and these need urgent clarification both for the consumer and the producer. IntroductionPublic health nutrition is facing multiple and major challenges. In particular, there are three m...

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Section: Milk and Dairy Products As Sources Of Trans-fatty Acids (Tfa)mentioning

confidence: 77%

Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Givens

2010

Animal

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“…[28] However, clinical trials suggest the opposite and indicate cis-VA as a protective factor toward cardiovascular diseases [29] (Table 2). Similarly, animal studies with spontaneously hypertensive rats [34] and LDLr( −/− ) mice [35] showed the beneficial effects of cis-VA in lowering blood pressure and lowering blood cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Palmitoleic Acid Elongation Product In Metabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Animal studies [30] Lean (2:1 mix of +/cp and +/+) and obese (cp/cp) JCR:LA-cp rats, fed 3-week a control diet (0% VA) or a VA diet (1.5% w/w) VA was ↑ in plasma phospholipids versus control-fed rats Lean VA-fed rats: ↓ proportions of CD45RC+ helper cells, and T-helper cells ↓ IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in spleen Obese VA-fed rats: normalized IL-2 and TNF-α in MLN to those seen in lean rats [35] LDLr −/− mice fed 14-week with atherogenic diet (2% cholesterol) (CH) or 15% vaccenic butter (1.5% w/w VA) (VB) CH + VB: ↓ serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, ↓ atherosclerosis [34] Spontaneously hypertensive rats fed 7-week with AMF (rich in VA and CLA), or AMF + sterculic oil (SO; which inhibits the conversion of VA into CLA)…”

Section: Reference Experimental or Clinical Model Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

Souza

Vannice²,

Neto

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Although dietary fatty acids can modulate metabolic and immune responses, the effects of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) remain unclear. Since this monounsaturated fatty acid is described as a lipokine, studies with cell culture and rodent models have suggested it enhances whole body insulin sensitivity, stimulates insulin secretion by β cells, increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation, improves the blood lipid profile, and alters macrophage differentiation. However, human studies report elevated blood levels of palmitoleic acid in people with obesity and metabolic syndrome. These findings might be reflection of the level or activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, which synthesizes palmitoleate and is enhanced in liver and adipose tissue of obese patients. The aim of this review is to describe the immune-metabolic effects of palmitoleic acid observed in cell culture, animal models, and humans to answer the question of whether palmitoleic acid is a plausible nonpharmacological strategy to prevent, control, or ameliorate chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Despite the beneficial effects observed in cell culture and in animal studies, there are insufficient human intervention studies to fully understand the physiological effects of palmitoleic acid. Therefore, more human-based research is needed to identify whether palmitoleic acid meets the promising therapeutic potential suggested by the preclinical research.

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“…This finding agrees with previous data showing that DHA lowers oxLDL uptake (62). Conversely, it is interesting to note that EA is the most abundant trans-FA found in atheromatous plaque (63,64), and we found that EA bound CD36 on SPR and aggressively increased Dii-oxLDL.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Cd36 Binding Increased Oxldl Uptakementioning

confidence: 88%

CD36 Binds Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in a Mechanism Dependent upon Fatty Acid Binding

Jay

Chen

Paz

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: CD36 is expressed in many cell types and binds diverse ligands including oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and unesterified fatty acid (FA). Results: FA bind to CD36, which leads to oxLDL binding and uptake independent of CD36 disulfide bonds. Conclusion: Typical dietary FA enhance uptake of oxLDL. Significance: This study provides a possible mechanism for oxLDL binding CD36 that is dependent upon specific FA types.

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Dietary Vaccenic Acid Has Antiatherogenic Effects in LDLr−/− Mice

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Is Palmitoleic Acid a Plausible Nonpharmacological Strategy to Prevent or Control Chronic Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders?

CD36 Binds Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in a Mechanism Dependent upon Fatty Acid Binding

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