Diethylene Glycol: Widely Used Solvent Presents Serious Poisoning Potential

Marraffa, Jeanna M.; Holland, Michael; Stork, Christine M.; Hoy, Christopher D.; Hodgman, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.06.025

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often substituted for more expensive chemicals [1,4] such as glycerin and propylene glycol [3,6] in pharmaceutical products such as tooth paste, injectable drugs, fever medication and cough syrup [8]. DEG has a molecular weight of 106.12 g/mol, a boiling point of 245 • C, a melting point of −6.5 • C and a vapor pressure of <0.01 mmHg at 25 • C [8]. It has been implicated in a number of serious world-wide contaminations with devastating human consequences; the first well documented case being the Massergil Tragedy of 1937 in the United States [5,6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been implicated in a number of serious world-wide contaminations with devastating human consequences; the first well documented case being the Massergil Tragedy of 1937 in the United States [5,6,9]. This tragedy was the stimulus behind passing the 1938 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requiring product safety before being marketed [8,9]. Most recently in December 2008, Cable News Network (CNN) reported dozens of children deaths in Nigeria due to DEG poisoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fourier transform infrared and near-infrared spectroscopic methods for the detection of toxic Diethylene Glycol (DEG) contaminant in glycerin based cough syrup

et al. 2010

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Abstract.Recently there have been reports of the contamination of cough syrups with Diethylene Glycol (DEG). The consumption of such cough syrups has devastating effects on the health. In this paper we report evidence that Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic techniques are viable, simple, cost effective, rapid and fool proof methods for the identification and quantification of DEG in glycerin based cough syrups. The FT-IR and NIR spectra of the glycerin based cough syrup and up to 50:50 mixtures of DEG in cough syrup are recorded. The major peaks in the FT-IR spectrum of the cough syrup are assigned to the OH stretching (∼3300 cm −1 ), CH stretching (∼2900 cm −1 ), CH bending (1500-1200 cm −1 ) and C-O stretching (1200-900 cm −1 ) vibrational modes. In the FT-IR spectra of the mixtures, DEG contribute distinct peaks due to the vibrations of the C-O (920 cm −1 ) and OC 2 H 4 (892 cm −1 ) moieties of its backbone and form the basis of the DEG detection and quantification. The prominent peaks of the NIR spectra of cough syrup and DEG are assigned to the first overtones of OH and CH, and to the combination of OH and CH fundamental vibrations. Both FT-IR and NIR Partial Least Square (PLS) calibrations produced correlation coefficients of 0.98.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fourier transform infrared and near-infrared spectroscopic methods for the detection of toxic Diethylene Glycol (DEG) contaminant in glycerin based cough syrup

et al. 2010

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“…Depending on the level of consumption of toxic adulterant, the toxicity level will be graded (Schep et al, 2009;Ferrari 2005;Megarbane et al, 2005). Diethylene glycol is orally ingested accidently or intentionally is readily absorbed through the gastro intentional tract and distributed in the blood stream throughout the body and the concentration reaches peak in 2 h (IPCS., 2001;Marraffa et al 2008). The lethal dose of diethylene glycol is estimated to be 100 mL/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantitative determination of diethylene glycol in ethyl alcohol using gamma- ray spectroscopy

Udagani

Ramesh

2014

J Food Sci Technol

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Determination of the toxic diethylene glycol contamination in ethyl alcohol demands a rapid, accurate and reliable method. Diethylene glycol (DEG) ingestion, accidental or intentional, can lead to death. Clinical and analytical methods used to detect diethylene glycol in alcohol require several hours to days due to tedious instrument handling and measurements. Enzymatic assays face difficulty due to analytic problems. As an alternative method of data analysis, we have used γ-ray spectroscopic method to estimate the diethylene glycol contamination in alcohol by monitoring the variation in the linear and mass attenuation coefficients. This method is simple, robust, portable and can provide reliable and quantitative information about the ethyl alcohol adulterated with diethylene glycol which is of broader interest to society.

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“…It is miscible in water, alcohol, and acetonitrile. In addition to its use in a wide range of industrial products including dehydration of natural gas, production of polyurethanes and unsaturated polyester, antifreeze and brake fluids [1,2], DEG can be formed by polymer degradation in biomaterials [3] and other sources [4]. A number of DEG detection methods have been developed over the years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Greener Way to Screen Toothpaste for Diethylene Glycol

Fu¹,

Hao²,

Parker³

et al. 2011

AJAC

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A method developed for the screening of diethylene glycol (DEG) in toothpaste was released by the FDA in 2007. This method could not only quantify the DEG but also confirm if any potential interfering peak is present. However, disadvantages of this method such as intermittent shortages of the key reagent acetonitrile and the shorter than expected column-life issues have prompted a search for alternative solutions. An improvement with an alternate "greener" extraction solvent is presented, and the method comparison and validation are described in this article. The greener extraction solvent, ethanol with limited water, provided a better efficiency for the toothpaste sampling procedures. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are 0.0025% and 0.0084% in (w/w) unit, respectively. The sample recovery is 101.2%.

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Diethylene Glycol: Widely Used Solvent Presents Serious Poisoning Potential

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Fourier transform infrared and near-infrared spectroscopic methods for the detection of toxic Diethylene Glycol (DEG) contaminant in glycerin based cough syrup

Fourier transform infrared and near-infrared spectroscopic methods for the detection of toxic Diethylene Glycol (DEG) contaminant in glycerin based cough syrup

Detection and quantitative determination of diethylene glycol in ethyl alcohol using gamma- ray spectroscopy

A Greener Way to Screen Toothpaste for Diethylene Glycol

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